Newest Articles
Peyer’s patch myeloid cells infection by Listeria signals through gp38+ stromal cells and locks intestinal villus invasionListeria monocytogenes (Lm) crosses the intestinal villus barrier via goblet cells (GCs). Disson et al. show that Lm infection of Peyer’s patch myeloid cells signals to villus stromal cells, leading to a decrease of GCs expressing luminally accessible E-cadherin, thereby blocking villus infection while favoring colitis.
Urine-derived lymphocytes as a non-invasive measure of the bladder tumor immune microenvironmentUrine-derived lymphocytes (UDLs) may serve as a non-invasive dynamic biomarker, reflective of the immune checkpoint phenotype and T-cell receptor repertoire of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Patients with UDLs expressing high levels of PD-1 had worse clinical outcomes in muscle invasive bladder cancer.
CD49b defines functionally mature Treg cells that survey skin and vascular tissuesFan et al. have identified a population of recirculating Treg cells with greater suppressive ability and a unique tissue distribution. Using single-cell RNA-seq, they place these Treg cells at the apex of the Treg developmental trajectory and show that similar cells may exist in humans.
Gain-of-function IKBKB mutation causes human combined immune deficiencyA novel germline missense mutation in human IKBKB (encoding IKK2) confers gain of function and results in a combined immune deficiency syndrome. A mouse model engineered by CRISPR/Cas9 to carry the orthologous mutation exhibits a similar cellular phenotype.
Transient T-bet expression functionally specifies a distinct T follicular helper subsetThe mechanisms underlying the differentiation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cell subsets are poorly understood. Here, Fang et al. show that the NKG2Dhigh Tfh cells in germinal centers with a history of T-bet expression represent the IFN-γ–producing Tfh subset.
Microbiome–microglia connections via the gut–brain axisA role for the gut microbiome in facilitating microglial maturation and shaping microglial physiology has emerged in recent years. This review highlights evidence demonstrating the various mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can influence microglia in both homeostatic and disease conditions.
IFNγ-activated dermal lymphatic vessels inhibit cytotoxic T cells in melanoma and inflamed skinLane et al. demonstrate that IFNγ-induced, nonhematopoietic PD-L1 suppresses anti-melanoma immunity and identify lymphatic vessels as key mediators of response. They demonstrate that peripheral lymphatic vessels act as tissue-resident, immunological switches that balance protective immunity and tissue damage in skin.
Delta-secretase (AEP) mediates tau-splicing imbalance and accelerates cognitive decline in tauopathiesWang et al. demonstrate that AEP cleaves SRPK2 in tauopathies and plays a functional role in mediating tau-splicing imbalance and accelerating cognitive decline in mouse models of tauopathy.
The gut microbiome: Relationships with disease and opportunities for therapyThis review provides an overview of the influence of the gut microbiome on host health with a focus on immunomodulation and discusses strategies for manipulating the gut microbiome for the management or prevention of chronic inflammatory conditions.
Enlisting commensal microbes to resist antibiotic-resistant pathogensKeith and Pamer discuss how the bacterial species constituting the intestinal microbiota reduce the host’s susceptibility to enteric infections and describe experimental studies and clinical trials that elucidate new approaches to reducing the risk of infection and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.