PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Bujko, Anna
AU  - Atlasy, Nader
AU  - Landsverk, Ole J.B.
AU  - Richter, Lisa
AU  - Yaqub, Sheraz
AU  - Horneland, Rune
AU  - Øyen, Ole
AU  - Aandahl, Einar Martin
AU  - Aabakken, Lars
AU  - Stunnenberg, Hendrik G.
AU  - Bækkevold, Espen S.
AU  - Jahnsen, Frode L.
TI  - Transcriptional and functional profiling defines human small intestinal macrophage subsets
AID  - 10.1084/jem.20170057
DP  - 2018 Feb 05
TA  - The Journal of Experimental Medicine
PG  - 441--458
VI  - 215
IP  - 2
4099  - http://jem.rupress.org/content/215/2/441.short
4100  - http://jem.rupress.org/content/215/2/441.full
SO  - J Exp Med2018 Feb 05; 215
AB  - Macrophages (Mfs) are instrumental in maintaining immune homeostasis in the intestine, yet studies on the origin and heterogeneity of human intestinal Mfs are scarce. Here, we identified four distinct Mf subpopulations in human small intestine (SI). Assessment of their turnover in duodenal transplants revealed that all Mf subsets were completely replaced over time; Mf1 and Mf2, phenotypically similar to peripheral blood monocytes (PBMos), were largely replaced within 3 wk, whereas two subsets with features of mature Mfs, Mf3 and Mf4, exhibited significantly slower replacement. Mf3 and Mf4 localized differently in SI; Mf3 formed a dense network in mucosal lamina propria, whereas Mf4 was enriched in submucosa. Transcriptional analysis showed that all Mf subsets were markedly distinct from PBMos and dendritic cells. Compared with PBMos, Mf subpopulations showed reduced responsiveness to proinflammatory stimuli but were proficient at endocytosis of particulate and soluble material. These data provide a comprehensive analysis of human SI Mf population and suggest a precursor-progeny relationship with PBMos.