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¹ Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
² Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
³ Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115

CORRESPONDENCE Chyung-Ru Wang: chyung-ru-wang{at}northwestern.edu

Group 1 CD1 (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c)–restricted T cells recognize mycobacterial lipid antigens and are found at higher frequencies in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)–infected individuals. However, their role and dynamics during infection remain unknown because of the lack of a suitable small animal model. We have generated human group 1 CD1 transgenic (hCD1Tg) mice that express all three human group 1 CD1 isoforms and support the development of group 1 CD1–restricted T cells with diverse T cell receptor usage. Both mycobacterial infection and immunization with Mtb lipids elicit group 1 CD1–restricted Mtb lipid–specific T cell responses in hCD1Tg mice. In contrast to CD1d-restricted NKT cells, which rapidly respond to initial stimulation but exhibit anergy upon reexposure, group 1 CD1–restricted T cells exhibit delayed primary responses and more rapid secondary responses, similar to conventional T cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that group 1 CD1–restricted T cells participate in adaptive immune responses upon mycobacterial infection and could serve as targets for the development of novel Mtb vaccines.

C.C. Dascher's present address is Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029.

M.I. Zimmer's present address is Dept. of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323.

Abbreviations used: -GalCer, -galactosylceramide; β₂m, β₂ microglobulin; BCG, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin; BMDC, bone marrow–derived DC; hCD1Tg, human group 1 CD1 transgenic; iNKT, invariant NKT; Mtb, M. tuberculosis.

© 2009 Felio et al.
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