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¹ Department of Immunology, ² Department of Molecular Genetics, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, ³ Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, 46285 IN
⁴ Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106

CORRESPONDENCE R. Gilmour: gilmour_raymond{at}lilly.com OR X. Li:lix{at}ccf.org

IRAK4 is a member of IL-1 receptor (IL-1R)–associated kinase (IRAK) family and has been shown to play an essential role in Toll-like receptor (TLR)–mediated signaling. We recently generated IRAK4 kinase-inactive knock-in mice to examine the role of kinase activity of IRAK4 in TLR-mediated signaling pathways. The IRAK4 kinase–inactive knock-in mice were completely resistant to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and CpG-induced shock, due to impaired TLR-mediated induction of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Although inactivation of IRAK4 kinase activity did not affect the levels of TLR/IL-1R–mediated nuclear factor B activation, a reduction of LPS-, R848-, and IL-1–mediated mRNA stability contributed to the reduced cytokine and chemokine production in bone marrow–derived macrophages from IRAK4 kinase–inactive knock-in mice. Both TLR7- and TLR9-mediated type I interferon production was abolished in plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from IRAK4 knock-in mice. In addition, influenza virus–induced production of interferons in plasmacytoid DCs was also dependent on IRAK4 kinase activity. Collectively, our results indicate that IRAK4 kinase activity plays a critical role in TLR-dependent immune responses.

Abbreviations used: IKK, IB kinase; IRAK, IL-1 receptor–associated kinase; IRF, interferon regulatory factor; JNK, c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase; KC, chemokine; mDC, myeloid DC; MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast; ODN, oligodeoxynucleotide; pDC, plasmacytoid DC; TAK1, TGF-ß–activated kinase 1; TLR, Toll-like receptor.

T.W. Kim and K. Staschke contributed equally to this work.

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