The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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Published online
doi:10.1084/jem.20071351
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 204, No. 11, 2579-2590
The Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007 $30.00
© Caminschi et al.
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ARTICLE

 Putative IKDCs are functionally and developmentally similar to natural killer cells, but not to dendritic cells

Irina Caminschi1, Fatma Ahmet1, Klaus Heger1, Jason Brady1, Stephen L. Nutt1, David Vremec1, Suzanne Pietersz1, Mireille H. Lahoud1, Louis Schofield1, Diana S. Hansen1, Meredith O'Keeffe2, Mark J. Smyth3, Sammy Bedoui1, Gayle M. Davey1, Jose A. Villadangos1, William R. Heath1, and Ken Shortman1

1 The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia
2 Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Munich D-82152, Germany
3 Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia

CORRESPONDENCE Irina Caminschi: caminschi{at}wehi.edu.au

Interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) have been described as possessing the lytic potential of NK cells and the antigen-presenting capacity of dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we examine the lytic function and antigen-presenting capacity of mouse spleen IKDCs, including those found in DC preparations. IKDCs efficiently killed NK cell targets, without requiring additional activation stimuli. However, in our hands, when exposed to protein antigen or to MHC class II peptide, IKDCs induced little or no T cell proliferation relative to conventional DCs or plasmacytoid DCs, either before or after activation with CpG, or in several disease models. Certain developmental features indicated that IKDCs resembled NK cells more than DCs. IKDCs, like NK cells, did not express the transcription factor PU.1 and were absent from recombinase activating gene-2–null, common {gamma}-chain–null (Rag2–/–Il2rg–/–) mice. When cultured with IL-15 and -18, IKDCs proliferated extensively, like NK cells. Under these conditions, a proportion of expanded IKDCs and NK cells expressed high levels of surface MHC class II. However, even such MHC class II+ IKDCs and NK cells induced poor T cell proliferative responses compared with DCs. Thus, IKDCs resemble NK cells functionally, and neither cell type could be induced to be effective antigen-presenting cells.

Abbreviations used: cDC, conventional DC; CHO, chinese hamster ovary; IKDC, IFN-producing killer DC; pDC, plasmacytoid DC; PI, propidium iodide; SA, streptavidin.


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