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Published online 14 November 2005 doi:10.1084/jem.20050855
Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007 $8.00
JEM, Volume 202, Number 10, 1375-1386
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ARTICLE

 Sequential development of interleukin 2–dependent effector and regulatory T cells in response to endogenous systemic antigen

Birgit Knoechel1, Jens Lohr1, Estelle Kahn1, Jeffrey A. Bluestone2, and Abul K. Abbas1

1 Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
2 Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143

CORRESPONDENCE Abul K. Abbas: aabbas{at}itsa.ucsf.edu

Transfer of naive antigen-specific CD4+ T cells into lymphopenic mice that express an endogenous antigen as a systemic, secreted protein results in severe autoimmunity resembling graft-versus-host disease. T cells that respond to this endogenous antigen develop into effector cells that cause the disease. Recovery from this disease is associated with the subsequent generation of FoxP3+CD25+ regulatory cells in the periphery. Both pathogenic effector cells and protective regulatory cells develop from the same antigen-specific T cell population after activation, and their generation may occur in parallel or sequentially. Interleukin (IL)-2 plays a dual role in this systemic T cell reaction. In the absence of IL-2, the acute disease is mild because of reduced T cell effector function, but a chronic and progressive disease develops late and is associated with a failure to generate FoxP3+ regulatory T (T reg) cells in the periphery. Thus, a peripheral T cell reaction to a systemic antigen goes through a phase of effector cell–mediated pathology followed by T reg cell–mediated recovery, and both require the growth factor IL-2.

Abbreviations used: CFSE, carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester; GvHD, graft-versus-host disease; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin.

B. Knoechel and J. Lohr contributed equally to this work.


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