The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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Published 22 February 2005. doi:10.1084/jem.20041611
Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007 $8.00
JEM, Volume 201, Number 4, 647-657
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ARTICLE

 Clearance of apoptotic neurons without inflammation by microglial triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2

Kazuya Takahashi1, Christian D.P. Rochford1, and Harald Neumann1,2

1 Neuroimmunology Unit, European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen
2 Institute of Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Göttingen and Hertie-Foundation, 37073 Göttingen, Germany

CORRESPONDENCE Harald Neumann: hneuman1{at}gwdg.de

Elimination of apoptotic neurons without inflammation is crucial for brain tissue homeostasis, but the molecular mechanism has not been firmly established. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) is a recently identified innate immune receptor. Here, we show expression of TREM2 in microglia. TREM2 stimulation induced DAP12 phosphorylation, extracellular signal–regulated kinase phosphorylation, and cytoskeleton reorganization and increased phagocytosis. Knockdown of TREM2 in microglia inhibited phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons and increased gene transcription of tumor necrosis factor {alpha} and nitric oxide synthase-2, whereas overexpression of TREM2 increased phagocytosis and decreased microglial proinflammatory responses. Thus, TREM2 deficiency results in impaired clearance of apoptotic neurons and inflammation that might be responsible for the brain degeneration observed in patients with polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy/Nasu-Hakola disease.

Abbreviations used: CCL, CC chemokine ligand; CCR7, CC chemokine receptor 7; CNS, central nervous system; ERK, extracellular signal–regulated kinase; fTREM2, Flag epitope–tagged triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 vector; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; ITAM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif; mtDAP12, dominant negative DAP12; NOS2, nitric oxide synthase-2; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PLOSL, polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy; shControl, short hairpin control; shTREM2, short hairpin triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2; TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2; wTREM2, wild-type TREM2.


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