The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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Published online 31 January 2005 doi:10.1084/jem.20041672
Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007 $8.00
JEM, Volume 201, Number 3, 453-463
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ARTICLE

 Synergistic role of micronemal proteins in Toxoplasma gondii virulence

Odile Cérède1,2, Jean François Dubremetz2, Martine Soête3, Didier Deslée3, Henri Vial2, Daniel Bout1, and Maryse Lebrun2

1 UMR Université-INRA d'Immunologie Parasitaires, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 37200 Tours, France
2 UMR 5539 CNRS, Université de Montpellier 2, 34090 Montpellier, France
3 FRE 2377 CNRS, Institut de Biologie de Lille, 59021 Lille, France

CORRESPONDENCE Maryse Lebrun: maryse.lebrun{at}univ-montp2.fr

Apicomplexan parasites invade cells by a unique mechanism involving discharge of secretory vesicles called micronemes. Microneme proteins (MICs) include transmembrane and soluble proteins expressing different adhesive domains. Although the transmembrane protein TRAP and its homologues are thought to bridge cell surface receptors and the parasite submembranous motor, little is known about the function of other MICs. We have addressed the role of MIC1 and MIC3, two soluble adhesins of Toxoplasma gondii, in invasion and virulence. Single deletion of the MIC1 gene decreased invasion in fibroblasts, whereas MIC3 deletion had no effect either alone or in the mic1KO context. Individual disruption of MIC1 or MIC3 genes slightly reduced virulence in the mouse, whereas doubly depleted parasites were severely impaired in virulence and conferred protection against subsequent challenge. Single substitution of two critical amino acids in the chitin binding–like (CBL) domain of MIC3 abolished MIC3 binding to cells and generated the attenuated virulence phenotype. Our findings identify the CBL domain of MIC3 as a key player in toxoplasmosis and reveal the synergistic role of MICs in virulence, supporting the idea that parasites have evolved multiple ligand–receptor interactions to ensure invasion of different cells types during the course of infection.

Abbreviations used: BHK, baby hamster kidney; CB, chitin binding; CBL, CB-like; HFF, human foreskin fibroblast; IF, immunofluorescence assay; MIC, microneme protein; ORF, open reading frame.


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MIC1 and MIC3: partners in invasion
Heather L. Van Epps
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