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¹ Discovery Research, DNAX Research Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94304
² Experimental Pathology and Pharmacology, DNAX Research Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94304
³ Bioinformatics, DNAX Research Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94304

CORRESPONDENCE Daniel J. Cua: daniel.cua{at}dnax.org

Interleukin (IL)-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of a unique p19 subunit, and a common p40 subunit shared with IL-12. IL-12 is important for the development of T helper (Th)1 cells that are essential for host defense and tumor suppression. In contrast, IL-23 does not promote the development of interferon-–producing Th1 cells, but is one of the essential factors required for the expansion of a pathogenic CD4⁺ T cell population, which is characterized by the production of IL-17, IL-17F, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor. Gene expression analysis of IL-23–driven autoreactive T cells identified a unique expression pattern of proinflammatory cytokines and other novel factors, distinguishing them from IL-12–driven T cells. Using passive transfer studies, we confirm that these IL-23–dependent CD4⁺ T cells are highly pathogenic and essential for the establishment of organ-specific inflammation associated with central nervous system autoimmunity.

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• Jacob, N., Yang, H., Pricop, L., Liu, Y., Gao, X., Zheng, S. G., Wang, J., Gao, H.-X., Putterman, C., Koss, M. N., Stohl, W., Jacob, C. O. (2009). Accelerated Pathological and Clinical Nephritis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Prone New Zealand Mixed 2328 Mice Doubly Deficient in TNF Receptor 1 and TNF Receptor 2 via a Th17-Associated Pathway. J. Immunol. 182: 2532-2541 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhu, Y., Hu, C., Lu, M., Liao, S., Marini, J. C., Yohrling, J., Yeilding, N., Davis, H. M., Zhou, H. (2009). Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Ustekinumab, a Human Monoclonal Antibody Targeting IL-12/23p40, in Patients With Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis. J Clin Pharmacol 49: 162-175 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hartupee, J., Liu, C., Novotny, M., Sun, D., Li, X., Hamilton, T. A. (2009). IL-17 Signaling for mRNA Stabilization Does Not Require TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6. J. Immunol. 182: 1660-1666 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rueda, B, Broen, J, Torres, O, Simeon, C, Ortego-Centeno, N, Schrijvenaars, M M V A P, Vonk, M C, Fonollosa, V, van den Hoogen, F H J, Coenen, M J H, Sanchez-Roman, J, Aguirre-Zamorano, M A, Garcia-Portales, R, Pros, A, Camps, M T, Gonzalez-Gay, M A, Martin, J, Radstake, T R D J (2009). The interleukin 23 receptor gene does not confer risk to systemic sclerosis and is not associated with systemic sclerosis disease phenotype. Ann Rheum Dis 68: 253-256 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yang, K, Wen, J, Liu, X, Kijlstra, A, Chen, L, Chi, W, Zhou, H, Huang, X, Yang, P (2009). Inhibitory effect of rapamycin and dexamethasone on production of IL-17 and IFN-{gamma} in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada patients. Br J Ophthalmol 93: 249-253 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Iezzi, G., Sonderegger, I., Ampenberger, F., Schmitz, N., Marsland, B. J., Kopf, M. (2009). CD40-CD40L cross-talk integrates strong antigenic signals and microbial stimuli to induce development of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 876-881 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Takatori, H., Kanno, Y., Watford, W. T., Tato, C. M., Weiss, G., Ivanov, I. I., Littman, D. R., O'Shea, J. J. (2009). Lymphoid tissue inducer-like cells are an innate source of IL-17 and IL-22. JEM 206: 35-41 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mathers, A. R., Janelsins, B. M., Rubin, J. P., Tkacheva, O. A., Shufesky, W. J., Watkins, S. C., Morelli, A. E., Larregina, A. T. (2009). Differential Capability of Human Cutaneous Dendritic Cell Subsets to Initiate Th17 Responses. J. Immunol. 182: 921-933 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jiang, H.-R., Al Rasebi, Z., Mensah-Brown, E., Shahin, A., Xu, D., Goodyear, C. S., Fukada, S. Y., Liu, F.-T., Liew, F. Y., Lukic, M. L. (2009). Galectin-3 Deficiency Reduces the Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 182: 1167-1173 [Abstract] [Full Text]  

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