The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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Published 6 June 2005. doi:10.1084/jem.20041419
Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007 $8.00
JEM, Volume 201, Number 11, 1771-1780
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ARTICLE

 Inflammation and the reciprocal production of granulocytes and lymphocytes in bone marrow

Yoshihiro Ueda, Motonari Kondo, and Garnett Kelsoe

Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710

CORRESPONDENCE Garnett Kelsoe: ghkelsoe{at}duke.edu

The coordinated production of leukocytes in bone marrow is crucial for innate and adaptive immunity. Inflammation alters normal leukocyte production by promoting granulopoiesis over lymphopoiesis, a response that supports the reactive neutrophilia that follows infection. Here we demonstrate that this specialization for granulopoiesis is determined by inflammation-induced reductions of growth and retention factors, most significantly stem cell factor and CXCL12, which act preferentially to inhibit lymphoid development. These hierarchical effects suggest that the normal equilibrium of leukocyte production in bone marrow is determined by lymphopoiesis' higher demand for specific growth factors and/or retention signals. Inflammation regulates this balance by reducing growth factors that have less impact on developing neutrophils than lymphocytes. We demonstrate that granulopoiesis and lymphopoiesis are coupled specifically in the bone marrow by development in a common niche and propose that the leukopoietic equilibrium is specified by limiting amounts of developmental resources.

Abbreviations used: Ab, antibody; Ag, antigen; APC, allophycocyanin; BAFF, B cell– activating factor; BMp, bone marrow plasma; CFSE, carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester; CLP, common lymphocyte progenitor; CMP, common myeloid progenitor; CMRA, Cell Tracker orange; HPRT, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase; PTX, pertussis toxin; SCF, stem cell factor; TXR, Texas red fluorochrome.


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