The Journal of Experimental Medicine
Janeway's Immunobiology 7th Edition
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Published 1 November 2004. doi:10.1084/jem.20041408
Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007 $8.00
JEM, Volume 200, Number 9, 1135-1143
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Lysosomal Fusion Is Essential for the Retention of Trypanosoma cruzi Inside Host Cells

Luciana O. Andrade1 and Norma W. Andrews1,2

1 Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536
2 Department of Cell Biology, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536

Address correspondence to Norma W. Andrews, Section of Microbial Pathogenesis and Dept. of Cell Biology, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Ave., New Haven, CT 06510. Phone: (203) 737-2410; Fax: (203) 737-2630; email: norma.andrews{at}yale.edu

Trypomastigotes, the highly motile infective forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, are capable of infecting several cell types. Invasion occurs either by direct recruitment and fusion of lysosomes at the plasma membrane, or through invagination of the plasma membrane followed by intracellular fusion with lysosomes. The lysosome-like parasitophorous vacuole is subsequently disrupted, releasing the parasites for replication in the cytosol. The role of this early residence within lysosomes in the intracellular cycle of T. cruzi has remained unclear. For several other cytosolic pathogens, survival inside host cells depends on an early escape from phagosomes before lysosomal fusion. Here, we show that when lysosome-mediated T. cruzi invasion is blocked through phosophoinositide 3-kinase inhibition, a significant fraction of the internalized parasites are not subsequently retained inside host cells for a productive infection. A direct correlation was observed between the lysosomal fusion rates after invasion and the intracellular retention of trypomastigotes. Thus, formation of a parasitophorous vacuole with lysosomal properties is essential for preventing these highly motile parasites from exiting host cells and for allowing completion of the intracellular life cycle.

Key Words: trypomastigote • invasion • intracellular • fusion • lysosome

Abbreviations used in this paper: CHO, Chinese hamster ovary; DAPI, 4',6-diamidine-2'-phenylindole; MEF, murine embryonic fibroblast; MOI, multiplicity of infection; PI, phosphoinositide.


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