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Peter Parham

Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305

Address correspondence to Peter Parham, Dept. of Structural Biology, Sherman Fairchild Bldg., 299 Campus Dr. West, Stanford, CA 94305-5126. Phone: (650) 856-2963; Fax: (650) 424-8912; email: peropa{at}stanford.edu

Abstract
In placental mammals, viviparity—the production of living young within the mother's body—evolved under the auspices of the immune system. Elements of immunity were incorporated, giving pregnancy a mildly inflammatory character. Formation of the placenta, the organ that feeds the fetus, involves a cooperation between maternal natural killer (NK) cells and fetal trophoblast cells that remodels the blood supply. Recent research reveals that this process and human reproductive success are influenced by polymorphic HLA-C ligands and their killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR).

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