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Published online 29 March 2004 doi:10.1084/jem.20031110
Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007 $8.00
JEM, Volume 199, Number 7, 885-894
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Reprogramming of Virus-specific T Cells into Leukemia-reactive T Cells Using T Cell Receptor Gene Transfer

Mirjam H.M. Heemskerk, Manja Hoogeboom, Renate Hagedoorn, Michel G.D. Kester, Roel Willemze, and J.H. Frederik Falkenburg

Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands

Address correspondence to Mirjam H.M. Heemskerk, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, C2-R, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. Phone: 31-71-5262271; Fax: 31-71-5266755; email: m.h.m.heemskerk{at}lumc.nl

T cells directed against minor histocompatibility antigens (mHags) might be responsible for eradication of hematological malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We investigated whether transfer of T cell receptors (TCRs) directed against mHags, exclusively expressed on hematopoietic cells, could redirect virus-specific T cells toward antileukemic reactivity, without the loss of their original specificity. Generation of T cells with dual specificity may lead to survival of these TCR-transferred T cells for prolonged periods of time in vivo due to transactivation of the endogenous TCR of the tumor-reactive T cells by the latent presence of viral antigens. Furthermore, TCR transfer into restricted T cell populations, which are nonself reactive, will minimize the risk of autoimmunity. We demonstrate that cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells can be efficiently reprogrammed into leukemia-reactive T cells by transfer of TCRs directed against the mHag HA-2. HA-2-TCR–transferred CMV-specific T cells derived from human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2+ or HLA-A2 individuals exerted potent antileukemic as well as CMV reactivity, without signs of anti–HLA-A2 alloreactivity. The dual specificity of these mHag-specific, TCR-redirected virus-specific T cells opens new possibilities for the treatment of hematological malignancies of HLA-A2+ HA-2–expressing patients transplanted with HLA-A2–matched or –mismatched donors.

Key Words: T cell receptor • gene transfer • minor histocompatibility antigen • virus-specific T cells • leukemia reactive


Abbreviations used in this paper: {Delta}NGF-R, truncated form of the nerve growth factor receptor; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; DLI, donor lymphocyte infusion; EBV-LCL, EBV-transformed B cell; eGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein; HPC, hematopoietic progenitor cell; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; mHag, minor histocompatibility antigen; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; PHA, phytohemagglutinin; PIA, progenitor cell inhibition assay.


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