The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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Published 17 February 2003. doi:10.1084/jem.20021769
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© Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007/2003/2/527 $5.00
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 197, Number 4, 527-535

Low Penetrance, Broad Resistance, and Favorable Outcome of Interleukin 12 Receptor ß1 Deficiency : Medical and Immunological Implications



Claire Fieschi1, Stéphanie Dupuis1, Emilie Catherinot1, Jacqueline Feinberg1, Jacinta Bustamante1, Adrien Breiman1, Frédéric Altare1, Richard Baretto6, Françoise Le Deist2, Samer Kayal3, Hartmut Koch7, Darko Richter8, Martin Brezina9, Guzide Aksu10, Phil Wood11, Suliman Al-Jumaah12, Miquel Raspall13, Alberto José da Silva Duarte14, David Tuerlinckx15, Jean-Louis Virelizier5, Alain Fischer2,4, Andrea Enright16, Jutta Bernhöft17, Aileen M. Cleary16, Christiane Vermylen18, Carlos Rodriguez-Gallego19, Graham Davies20, Renate Blütters-Sawatzki17, Claire-Anne Siegrist21, Mohammad S. Ehlayel22, Vas Novelli20, Walther H. Haas23,24, Jacob Levy25, Joachim Freihorst26, Sami Al-Hajjar12, David Nadal27, Dewton de Moraes Vasconcelos14, Olle Jeppsson28, Necil Kutukculer10, Klara Frecerova9, Isabel Caragol13, David Lammas6, Dinakantha S. Kumararatne29, Laurent Abel1 and Jean-Laurent Casanova1,4

1 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University René Descartes INSERM U550, Necker Medical School
2 INSERM U429, Necker Hospital
3 INSERM U411, Necker Hospital
4 Pediatric Immunology and Hematology Unit, Necker Hospital
5 Department of Molecular Medicine, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
6 MRC Center for Immune Regulation, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
7 Department of Pediatrics, St. Marienhospital, D-49377 Vechta, Germany
8 Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
9 Pediatric Pneumology and Phtiseology Clinic SPAM, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, 82556 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
10 Division of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Medical School, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
11 Department of Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, United Kingdom
12 Department of Pediatrics, King Faycal Hospital and Research Center, 11211 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
13 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit and Department of Immunology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
14 Primary Immunodeficiency Unit, Department of Dermatology of the Clinical Hospital, and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Allergy and Immunology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil
15 Departement of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Louvain at Mont-Godinne, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
16 Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94010
17 Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, D35385 Giessen, Germany
18 Department of Pediatric Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Louvain Medical School, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
19 Department of Immunology, Gran Canaria Dr Negrin Hospital, 35020 Las Palmas, Spain
20 Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom
21 Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
22 Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box: 3050, Doha, Qatar
23 Department of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
24 Center for Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, D-10963 Berlin, Germany
25 Division of Pediatrics, Soroka Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84101, Israel
26 Pediatric Pulmonology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, D-30623 Hannover, Germany
27 Division of Infectious Diseases, University Children's Hospital of Zürich, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
28 Children's Hospital, Huddinge University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
29 Departments of Clinical Immunology and Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital NHS Trust, Hill Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom

Address correspondence to Jean-Laurent Casanova, Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses, Université René Descartes-INSERM U550, Faculté de Médecine Necker, 156 rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France. Phone: 33-1-40-61-56-87; Fax: 33-1-40-61-56-88; E-mail: casanova{at}necker.fr

The clinical phenotype of interleukin 12 receptor ß1 chain (IL-12Rß1) deficiency and the function of human IL-12 in host defense remain largely unknown, due to the small number of patients reported. We now report 41 patients with complete IL-12Rß1 deficiency from 17 countries. The only opportunistic infections observed, in 34 patients, were of childhood onset and caused by weakly virulent Salmonella or Mycobacteria (Bacille Calmette-Guérin -BCG- and environmental Mycobacteria). Three patients had clinical tuberculosis, one of whom also had salmonellosis. Unlike salmonellosis, mycobacterial infections did not recur. BCG inoculation and BCG disease were both effective against subsequent environmental mycobacteriosis, but not against salmonellosis. Excluding the probands, seven of the 12 affected siblings have remained free of case-definition opportunistic infection. Finally, only five deaths occurred in childhood, and the remaining 36 patients are alive and well. Thus, a diagnosis of IL-12Rß1 deficiency should be considered in children with opportunistic mycobacteriosis or salmonellosis; healthy siblings of probands and selected cases of tuberculosis should also be investigated. The overall prognosis is good due to broad resistance to infection and the low penetrance and favorable outcome of infections. Unexpectedly, human IL-12 is redundant in protective immunity against most microorganisms other than Mycobacteria and Salmonella. Moreover, IL-12 is redundant for primary immunity to Mycobacteria and Salmonella in many individuals and for secondary immunity to Mycobacteria but not to Salmonella in most.

Key Words: MycobacteriaSalmonella • immunodeficiency • interleukin 12 receptor • interferon {gamma}


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