Brief Definitive Report

Subsets of Human Dendritic Cell Precursors Express Different Toll-like Receptors and Respond to Different Microbial Antigens

Correspondence to: Yong-Jun Liu, DNAX Research Institute, 901 California Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304. Tel:650-496-1157 Fax:650-496-1200 E-mail:yong-jun.liu{at}dnax.org.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are ancient microbial pattern recognition receptors highly conserved from Drosophila to humans. To investigate if subsets of human dendritic cell precursors (pre-DC), including monocytes (pre-DC1), plasmacytoid DC precursors (pre-DC2), and CD11c⁺ immature DCs (imDCs) are developed to recognize different microbes or microbial antigens, we studied their TLR expression and responses to microbial antigens. We demonstrate that whereas monocytes preferentially express TLR 1, 2, 4, 5, and 8, plasmacytoid pre-DC strongly express TLR 7 and 9. In accordance with these TLR expression profiles, monocytes respond to the known microbial ligands for TLR2 (peptidoglycan [PGN], lipoteichoic acid) and TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide), by producing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and interleukin (IL)-6. In contrast, plasmacytoid pre-DCs only respond to the microbial TLR9-ligand, CpG-ODNs (oligodeoxynucleotides [ODNs] containing unmethylated CpG motifs), by producing IFN-. CD11c⁺ imDCs preferentially express TLR 1, 2, and 3 and respond to TLR 2-ligand PGN by producing large amounts of TNF-, and to viral double-stranded RNA-like molecule poly I:C, by producing IFN- and IL-12. The expression of distinct sets of TLRs and the corresponding difference in reactivity to microbial molecules among subsets of pre-DCs and imDCs support the concept that they have developed through distinct evolutionary pathways to recognize different microbial antigens.

Key Words: immunity,, natural, bacteria, receptors, immunologic, monocytes, cytokines

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• Boonstra, A., Rajsbaum, R., Holman, M., Marques, R., Asselin-Paturel, C., Pereira, J. P., Bates, E. E. M., Akira, S., Vieira, P., Liu, Y.-J., Trinchieri, G., O'Garra, A. (2006). Macrophages and Myeloid Dendritic Cells, but Not Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, Produce IL-10 in Response to MyD88- and TRIF-Dependent TLR Signals, and TLR-Independent Signals. J. Immunol. 177: 7551-7558 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Masten, B. J., Olson, G. K., Tarleton, C. A., Rund, C., Schuyler, M., Mehran, R., Archibeque, T., Lipscomb, M. F. (2006). Characterization of Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Human Lung. J. Immunol. 177: 7784-7793 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Flacher, V., Bouschbacher, M., Verronese, E., Massacrier, C., Sisirak, V., Berthier-Vergnes, O., de Saint-Vis, B., Caux, C., Dezutter-Dambuyant, C., Lebecque, S., Valladeau, J. (2006). Human Langerhans Cells Express a Specific TLR Profile and Differentially Respond to Viruses and Gram-Positive Bacteria. J. Immunol. 177: 7959-7967 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schmidlin, H., Dontje, W., Groot, F., Ligthart, S. J., Colantonio, A. D., Oud, M. E., Schilder-Tol, E. J., Spaargaren, M., Spits, H., Uittenbogaart, C. H., Blom, B. (2006). Stimulated plasmacytoid dendritic cells impair human T-cell development. Blood 108: 3792-3800 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kornbluth, R. S., Stone, G. W. (2006). Immunostimulatory combinations: designing the next generation of vaccine adjuvants. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80: 1084-1102 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fanning, S. L., George, T. C., Feng, D., Feldman, S. B., Megjugorac, N. J., Izaguirre, A. G., Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, P. (2006). Receptor Cross-Linking on Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Leads to the Regulation of IFN-{alpha} Production. J. Immunol. 177: 5829-5839 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yrlid, U., Cerovic, V., Milling, S., Jenkins, C. D., Zhang, J., Crocker, P. R., Klavinskis, L. S., MacPherson, G. G. (2006). Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Do Not Migrate in Intestinal or Hepatic Lymph. J. Immunol. 177: 6115-6121 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McBride, S., Hoebe, K., Georgel, P., Janssen, E. (2006). Cell-Associated Double-Stranded RNA Enhances Antitumor Activity through the Production of Type I IFN. J. Immunol. 177: 6122-6128 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Belyakov, I. M., Isakov, D., Zhu, Q., Dzutsev, A., Klinman, D., Berzofsky, J. A. (2006). Enhancement of CD8+ T Cell Immunity in the Lung by CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Increases Protective Efficacy of a Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccine against Lethal Poxvirus Infection Even in a CD4-Deficient Host. J. Immunol. 177: 6336-6343 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Osawa, Y., Iho, S., Takauji, R., Takatsuka, H., Yamamoto, S., Takahashi, T., Horiguchi, S., Urasaki, Y., Matsuki, T., Fujieda, S. (2006). Collaborative Action of NF-{kappa}B and p38 MAPK Is Involved in CpG DNA-Induced IFN-{alpha} and Chemokine Production in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. J. Immunol. 177: 4841-4852 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Groot, F., van Capel, T. M. M., Kapsenberg, M. L., Berkhout, B., de Jong, E. C. (2006). Opposing roles of blood myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in HIV-1 infection of T cells: transmission facilitation versus replication inhibition. Blood 108: 1957-1964 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Demedts, I. K., Bracke, K. R., Maes, T., Joos, G. F., Brusselle, G. G. (2006). Different Roles for Human Lung Dendritic Cell Subsets in Pulmonary Immune Defense Mechanisms. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 35: 387-393 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yoon, M.-S., Lee, J. S., Choi, B.-M., Jeong, Y.-I., Lee, C.-M., Park, J.-H., Moon, Y., Sung, S.-C., Lee, S. K., Chang, Y. H., Chung, H. Y., Park, Y.-M. (2006). Apigenin Inhibits Immunostimulatory Function of Dendritic Cells: Implication of Immunotherapeutic Adjuvant. Mol. Pharmacol. 70: 1033-1044 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cutler, C.W., Jotwani, R. (2006). Dendritic cells at the oral mucosal interface.. J. Dent. Res. 85: 678-689 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Li, Y., Chu, N., Rostami, A., Zhang, G.-X. (2006). Dendritic Cells Transduced with SOCS-3 Exhibit a Tolerogenic/DC2 Phenotype That Directs Type 2 Th Cell Differentiation In Vitro and In Vivo. J. Immunol. 177: 1679-1688 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hubert, F.-X., Voisine, C., Louvet, C., Heslan, J.-M., Ouabed, A., Heslan, M., Josien, R. (2006). Differential Pattern Recognition Receptor Expression but Stereotyped Responsiveness in Rat Spleen Dendritic Cell Subsets. J. Immunol. 177: 1007-1016 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Montoya, C. J., Jie, H.-B., Al-Harthi, L., Mulder, C., Patino, P. J., Rugeles, M. T., Krieg, A. M., Landay, A. L., Wilson, S. B. (2006). Activation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells with TLR9 Agonists Initiates Invariant NKT Cell-Mediated Cross-Talk with Myeloid Dendritic Cells. J. Immunol. 177: 1028-1039 [Abstract] [Full Text]  

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