The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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Published online 15 May 2000.
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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007/2000/5/1777/ $5.00
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 191, Number 10, May 15, 2000 1777-1788


Original Article

Type I Interferon as a Powerful Adjuvant for Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cell Development and Activity In Vitro and in Hu-PBL-SCID Mice

Stefano M. Santinia, Caterina Lapentaa, Mariantonia Logozzia, Stefania Parlatoa, Massimo Spadaa, Tiziana Di Pucchioa, and Filippo Belardellia
a Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy

Correspondence to: Filippo Belardelli, Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. Tel:39-06-4990-3290 Fax:39-06-4990-2097 E-mail:belard{at}iss.it.

Type I interferons (IFNs) are cytokines exhibiting antiviral and antitumor effects, including multiple activities on immune cells. However, the importance of these cytokines in the early events leading to the generation of an immune response is still unclear. Here, we have investigated the effects of type I IFNs on freshly isolated granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)–treated human monocytes in terms of dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and activity in vitro and in severe combined immunodeficiency mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood leukocytes (hu-PBL-SCID) mice. Type I IFNs induced a surprisingly rapid maturation of monocytes into short-lived tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)–expressing DCs endowed with potent functional activities, superior with respect to the interleukin (IL)-4/GM-CSF treatment, as shown by FACS® analyses, mixed leukocyte reaction assays with allogeneic PBLs, and lymphocyte proliferation responses to HIV-1–pulsed autologous DCs. Type I IFN induced IL-15 production and strongly promoted a T helper cell type 1 response. Notably, injection of IFN-treated HIV-1–pulsed DCs in SCID mice reconstituted with autologous PBLs resulted in the generation of a potent primary immune response, as evaluated by the detection of human antibodies to various HIV-1 antigens. These results provide a rationale for using type I IFNs as vaccine adjuvants and support the concept that a natural alliance between these cytokines and monocytes/DCs represents an important early mechanism for connecting innate and adaptive immunity.

Key Words: interferon, dendritic cell maturation and activation, monocytes, SCID mice, immunity


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