Protection from Lethal Gram-positive Infection by Macrophage Scavenger Receptor-dependent Phagocytosis

doi:10.1084/jem.191.1.147

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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007/2000/1/147/ $5.00
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 191, Number 1, January 3, 2000 147-156

Original Article

Protection from Lethal Gram-positive Infection by Macrophage Scavenger Receptor–dependent Phagocytosis

Christian A. Thomas^a,b, Yongmei Li^b, Tatsuhiko Kodama^c, Hiroshi Suzuki^c, Samuel C. Silverstein^a,b, and Joseph El Khoury^b,d
^a Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
^b Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
^c Department of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro Tokyo 153, Japan
^d Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10003

Correspondence to: Christian A. Thomas, Vermont Center for Cancer Medicine, 125 College Pkwy., Suite 202, Colchester, VT 05446. Tel:802-655-3400 Fax:802-655-9170 E-mail:christian.thomas{at}vetmednet.org.

Infections with gram-positive bacteria are a major cause ofmorbidity and mortality in humans. Opsonin-dependent phagocytosisplays a major role in protection against and recovery from gram-positiveinfections. Inborn and acquired defects in opsonin generationand/or recognition by phagocytes are associated with an increasedsusceptibility to bacterial infections. In contrast, the physiologicalsignificance of opsonin-independent phagocytosis is unknown.Type I and II class A scavenger receptors (SR-AI/II) recognizea variety of polyanions including bacterial cell wall productssuch as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA),suggesting a role for SR-AI/II in innate immunity to bacterialinfections. Here, we show that SR-AI/II–deficient mice(MSR-A^-/-) are more susceptible to intraperitoneal infectionwith a prototypic gram-positive pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus,than MSR-A^+/+ control mice. MSR-A^-/- mice display an impairedability to clear bacteria from the site of infection despitenormal killing of S. aureus by neutrophils and die as a resultof disseminated infection. Opsonin-independent phagocytosisof gram-positive bacteria by MSR-A^-/- macrophages is significantlydecreased although their phagocytic machinery is intact. Peritonealmacrophages from control mice phagocytose a variety of gram-positivebacteria in an SR-AI/II–dependent manner. Our findingsdemonstrate that SR-AI/II mediate opsonin-independent phagocytosisof gram-positive bacteria, and provide the first evidence thatopsonin-independent phagocytosis plays a critical role in hostdefense against bacterial infections in vivo.

Key Words: scavenger receptor, macrophage, phagocytosis, gram-positivebacteria, Staphylococcus aureus

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