The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007/1999/12/1783/ $5.00
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 190, Number 12, December 20, 1999 1783-1792

Original Article

Invasion by Toxoplasma gondii Establishes a Moving Junction That Selectively Excludes Host Cell Plasma Membrane Proteins on the Basis of Their Membrane Anchoring

Dana G. Morduea, Naishadh Desaib, Michael Dustinb, and L. David Sibleya

a Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
b Department of Pathology and Center for Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110.314-362-3203314-362-8873

sibley{at}borcim.wustl.edu

The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii actively penetrates its host cell by squeezing through a moving junction that forms between the host cell plasma membrane and the parasite. During invasion, this junction selectively controls internalization of host cell plasma membrane components into the parasite-containing vacuole. Membrane lipids flowed past the junction, as shown by the presence of the glycosphingolipid GM1 and the cationic lipid label 1.1'-dihexadecyl-3-3'-3-3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine (DiIC16). Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored surface proteins, such as Sca-1 and CD55, were also readily incorporated into the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). In contrast, host cell transmembrane proteins, including CD44, Na+/K+ ATPase, and β1-integrin, were excluded from the vacuole. To eliminate potential differences in sorting due to the extracellular domains, parasite invasion was examined in host cells transfected with recombinant forms of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1, CD54) that differed in their mechanism of membrane anchoring. Wild-type ICAM-1, which contains a transmembrane domain, was excluded from the PV, whereas both GPI-anchored ICAM-1 and a mutant of ICAM-1 missing the cytoplasmic tail (ICAM-1–Cyt–) were readily incorporated into the PV membrane. Our results demonstrate that during host cell invasion, Toxoplasma selectively excludes host cell transmembrane proteins at the moving junction by a mechanism that depends on their anchoring in the membrane, thereby creating a nonfusigenic compartment.

Key Words: membrane sorting • lipid domains • phagocytosis • moving junction • invasion

Abbreviations used in this paper: BHK, baby hamster kidney; CM-DiI, chloromethyl-benzamido DiIC16; CTB, cholera toxin B; DiIC16, 1.1'-dihexadecyl-3-3'-3-3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine; EM, electron microscopy; GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol; HF, human fibroblast; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IF, immunofluorescence; immunoEM, immunoelectron microscopy; PV, parasitophorous vacuole.

© 1999 The Rockefeller University Press


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