The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007/1999/4/1275/ $5.00
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 189, Number 8, April 19, 1999 1275-1284

Articles

Microbial Epitopes Act as Altered Peptide Ligands to Prevent Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Pedro J. Ruiz*, Hideki Garren*, David L. Hirschberg*, Annette M. Langer-Gould*, Mia Levite{ddagger}, Marcela V. Karpuj{ddagger}, Scott Southwood||, Alessandro Sette||, Paul Conlon§, and Lawrence Steinman*,{ddagger}

From the * Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; the {ddagger} Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; § Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California 92121; and || Epimmune, Inc., San Diego, California 92121

Molecular mimicry refers to structural homologies between a self-protein and a microbial protein. A major epitope of myelin basic protein (MBP), p87–99 (VHFFKNIVTPRTP), induces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). VHFFK contains the major residues for binding of this self-molecule to T cell receptor (TCR) and to the major histocompatibility complex. Peptides from papilloma virus strains containing the motif VHFFK induce EAE. A peptide from human papilloma virus type 40 (HPV 40) containing VHFFR, and one from HPV 32 containing VHFFH, prevented EAE. A sequence from Bacillus subtilis (RKVVTDFFKNIPQRI) also prevented EAE. T cell lines, producing IL-4 and specific for these microbial peptides, suppressed EAE. Thus, microbial peptides, differing from the core motif of the self-antigen, MBPp87–99, function as altered peptide ligands, and behave as TCR antagonists, in the modulation of autoimmune disease.

Key Words: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis • mimicry • altered peptide ligand • autoimmunity • multiple sclerosis

Address correspondence to Lawrence Steinman, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5316. Phone: 650-725-6401; Fax: 650-725-0627; E-mail: steinman{at}leland.stanford.edu

Abbreviations used: APL, altered peptide ligand; CNS, central nervous system; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; gpSCH, guinea pig spinal cord homogenate; HPV, human papilloma virus; HSV, herpes simplex virus; HVS, herpes virus Saimiri; MBP, myelin basic protein; MOG, myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein; MS, multiple sclerosis.


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