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J. Exp. Med., Volume 189, Number 3, February 1, 1999 575-586

Bad Can Act as a Key Regulator of  T Cell Apoptosis and T Cell Development

By Chen-Lang Mok,* Gabriel Gil-Gómez,§ Owen Williams,* Mark Coles,* Samir Taga,Dagger Mauro Tolaini,* Trisha Norton,* Dimitris Kioussis,* and Hugh J.M. Brady*parallel

From the * Division of Molecular Immunology and the Dagger  Division of Cellular Immunology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom; the § Division of Molecular Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the parallel  Cancer Biology and Molecular Haematology Units, Camelia Botnar Laboratories, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom

Bad is a distant relative of Bcl-2 and acts to promote cell death. Here, we show that Bad expression levels are greatly increased in thymocytes during apoptosis. We generated bad transgenic mice to study the action of upregulated Bad expression on T cell apoptosis. The T cells from these mice are highly sensitive to apoptotic stimuli, including anti-CD95. The numbers of T cells are greatly depleted and the processes of T cell development and selection are perturbed. We show that the proapoptotic function of Bad in primary T cells is regulated by Akt kinase and that Bad overexpression enhances both cell cycle progression and interleukin 2 production after T cell activation. These data suggest that Bad can act as a key regulator of T cell apoptosis and that this is a consequence of its upregulation after exposure to death stimuli.

Key words: Bad;  apoptosis;  selection;  cell cycle;  Akt


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