J. Exp. Med., Volume 189, Number 2, January 18, 1999 403-412

Lymphotoxin / and Tumor Necrosis Factor Are Required for Stromal Cell Expression of Homing Chemokines in B and T Cell Areas of the Spleen

By Vu N. Ngo,^* Heinrich Korner,^§ Michael D. Gunn, Kerstin N. Schmidt,^* D. Sean Riminton,^§ Max D. Cooper, Jeffrey L. Browning,^¶ Jonathon D. Sedgwick,^§ and Jason G. Cyster^*

From the ^* Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and  Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; ^§ Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Sydney, 2050 New South Wales, Australia;  Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; and ^¶ Biogen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142

Mice deficient in the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or lymphotoxin (LT) / lack polarized B cell follicles in the spleen. Deficiency in CXC chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5), a receptor for B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC), also causes loss of splenic follicles. Here we report that BLC expression by follicular stromal cells is defective in TNF-, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)-, LT- and LT-deficient mice. Treatment of adult mice with antagonists of LT12 also leads to decreased BLC expression. These findings indicate that LT12 and TNF have a role upstream of BLC/CXCR5 in the process of follicle formation. In addition to disrupted follicles, LT-deficient animals have disorganized T zones. Expression of the T cell attractant, secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC), by T zone stromal cells is found to be markedly depressed in LT-, and LT-deficient mice. Expression of the SLC-related chemokine, Epstein Barr virus-induced molecule 1 ligand chemokine (ELC), is also reduced. Exploring the basis for the reduced SLC expression led to identification of further disruptions in T zone stromal cells. Together these findings indicate that LT12 and TNF are required for the development and function of B and T zone stromal cells that make chemokines necessary for lymphocyte compartmentalization in the spleen.

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• Harmsen, A., Kusser, K., Hartson, L., Tighe, M., Sunshine, M. J., Sedgwick, J. D., Choi, Y., Littman, D. R., Randall, T. D. (2002). Cutting Edge: Organogenesis of Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (NALT) Occurs Independently of Lymphotoxin-{alpha} (LT{alpha}) and Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor-{gamma}, but the Organization of NALT Is LT{alpha} Dependent. J. Immunol. 168: 986-990 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vinante, F., Rigo, A., Scupoli, M. T., Pizzolo, G. (2002). CD30 triggering by agonistic antibodies regulates CXCR4 expression and CXCL12 chemotactic activity in the cell line L540. Blood 99: 52-60 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ngo, V. N., Cornall, R. J., Cyster, J. G. (2001). Splenic T Zone Development Is B Cell Dependent. JEM 194: 1649-1660 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Janatpour, M. J., Hudak, S., Sathe, M., Sedgwick, J. D., McEvoy, L. M. (2001). Tumor Necrosis Factor-dependent Segmental Control of MIG Expression by High Endothelial Venules in Inflamed Lymph Nodes Regulates Monocyte Recruitment. JEM 194: 1375-1384 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Uchida, K., Okazaki, K., Debrecceni, A., Nishi, T., Iwano, H., Inai, M., Uose, S., Nakase, H., Ohana, M., Oshima, C., Matsushima, Y., Kawanami, C., Hiai, H., Masuda, T., Chiba, T. (2001). Analysis of Cytokines in the Early Development of Gastric Secondary Lymphoid Follicles in Helicobacter pylori-Infected BALB/c Mice with Neonatal Thymectomy. Infect. Immun. 69: 6749-6754 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Guo, Z., Wang, J., Meng, L., Wu, Q., Kim, O., Hart, J., He, G., Zhou, P., Thistlethwaite, J. R. Jr., Alegre, M.-L., Fu, Y.-X., Newell, K. A. (2001). Cutting Edge: Membrane Lymphotoxin Regulates CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Intestinal Allograft Rejection. J. Immunol. 167: 4796-4800 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bouchon, A., Hernandez-Munain, C., Cella, M., Colonna, M. (2001). A DAP12-mediated Pathway Regulates Expression of CC Chemokine Receptor 7 and Maturation of Human Dendritic Cells. JEM 194: 1111-1122 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Eo, S. K., Kumaraguru, U., Rouse, B. T. (2001). Plasmid DNA Encoding CCR7 Ligands Compensate for Dysfunctional CD8+ T Cell Responses by Effects on Dendritic Cells. J. Immunol. 167: 3592-3599 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Weyand, C. M., Kurtin, P. J., Goronzy, J. J. (2001). Ectopic Lymphoid Organogenesis : A Fast Track for Autoimmunity. Am. J. Pathol. 159: 787-793 [Full Text]  
• Dohi, T., Rennert, P. D., Fujihashi, K., Kiyono, H., Shirai, Y., Kawamura, Y. I., Browning, J. L., McGhee, J. R. (2001). Elimination of Colonic Patches with Lymphotoxin {beta} Receptor-Ig Prevents Th2 Cell-Type Colitis. J. Immunol. 167: 2781-2790 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Weih, D. S., Yilmaz, Z. B., Weih, F. (2001). Essential Role of RelB in Germinal Center and Marginal Zone Formation and Proper Expression of Homing Chemokines. J. Immunol. 167: 1909-1919 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mandik-Nayak, L., Huang, G., Sheehan, K. C. F., Erikson, J., Chaplin, D. D. (2001). Signaling Through TNF Receptor p55 in TNF-{alpha}-Deficient Mice Alters the CXCL13/CCL19/CCL21 Ratio in the Spleen and Induces Maturation and Migration of Anergic B Cells into the B Cell Follicle. J. Immunol. 167: 1920-1928 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kalled, S. L., Cutler, A. H., Burkly, L. C. (2001). Apoptosis and Altered Dendritic Cell Homeostasis in Lupus Nephritis Are Limited by Anti-CD154 Treatment. J. Immunol. 167: 1740-1747 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Takemura, S., Braun, A., Crowson, C., Kurtin, P. J., Cofield, R. H., O'Fallon, W. M., Goronzy, J. J., Weyand, C. M. (2001). Lymphoid Neogenesis in Rheumatoid Synovitis. J. Immunol. 167: 1072-1080 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hargreaves, D. C., Hyman, P. L., Lu, T. T., Ngo, V. N., Bidgol, A., Suzuki, G., Zou, Y.-R., Littman, D. R., Cyster, J. G. (2001). A Coordinated Change in Chemokine Responsiveness Guides Plasma Cell Movements. JEM 194: 45-56 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wu, Q., Salomon, B., Chen, M., Wang, Y., Hoffman, L. M., Bluestone, J. A., Fu, Y.-X. (2001). Reversal of Spontaneous Autoimmune Insulitis in Nonobese Diabetic Mice by Soluble Lymphotoxin Receptor. JEM 193: 1327-1332 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rennert, P. D., Hochman, P. S., Flavell, R. A., Chaplin, D. D., Jayaraman, S., Browning, J. L., Fu, Y.-X. (2001). Essential Role of Lymph Nodes in Contact Hypersensitivity Revealed in Lymphotoxin-{alpha}-deficient Mice. JEM 193: 1227-1238 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wilhelm, P., Ritter, U., Labbow, S., Donhauser, N., Rollinghoff, M., Bogdan, C., Korner, H. (2001). Rapidly Fatal Leishmaniasis in Resistant C57BL/6 Mice Lacking TNF. J. Immunol. 166: 4012-4019 [Abstract] [Full Text]  

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