J. Exp. Med., Volume 189, Number 10, May 17, 1999 1639-1648

A Novel Mouse with B Cells but Lacking Serum Antibody Reveals an Antibody-independent Role for B Cells in Murine Lupus

By Owen T.M. Chan,^* Lynn G. Hannum,^* Ann M. Haberman, Michael P. Madaio,^§ and Mark J. Shlomchik^*

From the ^* Section of Immunobiology and the  Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; and the ^§ Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104

The precise role of B cells in systemic autoimmunity is incompletely understood. Although B cells are necessary for expression of disease (Chan, O., and M.J. Shlomchik. 1998. J. Immunol. 160:51-59, and Shlomchik, M.J., M.P. Madaio, D. Ni, M. Trounstine, and D. Huszar. 1994. J. Exp. Med. 180:1295-1306), it is unclear whether autoantibody production, antigen presentation, and/or other B cell functions are required for the complete pathologic phenotype. To address this issue, two experimental approaches were used. In the first, the individual contributions of circulating antibodies and B cells were analyzed using MRL/MpJ-Fas^lpr (MRL/lpr) mice that expressed a mutant transgene encoding surface immunoglobulin (Ig), but which did not permit the secretion of circulating Ig. These mice developed nephritis, characterized by cellular infiltration within the kidney, indicating that B cells themselves, without soluble autoantibody production, exert a pathogenic role. The results indicate that, independent of serum autoantibody, functional B cells expressing surface Ig are essential for disease expression, either by serving as antigen-presenting cells for antigen-specific, autoreactive T cells, or by contributing directly to local inflammation.

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Ramos-Casals, M, Soto, M., Cuadrado, M., Khamashta, M. (2009). Rituximab in systemic lupus erythematosusA systematic review of off-label use in 188 cases. Lupus 18: 767-776 [Abstract]  
• Dolff, S, Abdulahad, W., Bijl, M, Kallenberg, C. (2009). Regulators of B-cell activity in SLE: a better target for treatment than B-cell depletion?. Lupus 18: 575-580 [Abstract]  
• Guth, A, Detanico, T, Smith, D, Tung, K., Bonorino, C, Wysocki, L. (2009). Spontaneous autoimmunity in mice that carry an IghV partial transgene: a required arginine in VHCDR3. Lupus 18: 299-308 [Abstract]  
• Odegard, J. M., DiPlacido, L. D., Greenwald, L., Kashgarian, M., Kono, D. H., Dong, C., Flavell, R. A., Craft, J. (2009). ICOS Controls Effector Function but Not Trafficking Receptor Expression of Kidney-Infiltrating Effector T Cells in Murine Lupus. J. Immunol. 182: 4076-4084 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jennings, P., Yuan, D. (2009). NK Cell Enhancement of Antigen Presentation by B Lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 182: 2879-2887 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Whitmire, J. K., Asano, M. S., Kaech, S. M., Sarkar, S., Hannum, L. G., Shlomchik, M. J., Ahmed, R. (2009). Requirement of B Cells for Generating CD4+ T Cell Memory. J. Immunol. 182: 1868-1876 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Driver, C B, Ishimori, M, Weisman, M H (2008). The B cell in systemic lupus erythaematosus: a rational target for more effective therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 67: 1374-1381 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Harvey, B. P., Quan, T. E., Rudenga, B. J., Roman, R. M., Craft, J., Mamula, M. J. (2008). Editing Antigen Presentation: Antigen Transfer between Human B Lymphocytes and Macrophages Mediated by Class A Scavenger Receptors. J. Immunol. 181: 4043-4051 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kaplan, J., Woodworth, L, Smith, K, Coco, J, Vitsky, A, McPherson, J. (2008). Therapeutic benefit of treatment with anti-thymocyte globulin and latent TGF-{beta}1 in the MRL/lpr lupus mouse model. Lupus 17: 822-831 [Abstract]  
• Kobayashi, T., Takahashi, K., Nagai, Y., Shibata, T., Otani, M., Izui, S., Akira, S., Gotoh, Y., Kiyono, H., Miyake, K. (2008). Tonic B cell activation by Radioprotective105/MD-1 promotes disease progression in MRL/lpr mice. Int Immunol 20: 881-891 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Xie, C., Rahman, Z. S. M., Xie, S., Zhu, J., Du, Y., Qin, X., Zhou, H., Zhou, X. J., Mohan, C. (2008). Strain distribution pattern of immune nephritis--a follow-up study. Int Immunol 20: 719-728 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yu, S., Dunn, R., Kehry, M. R., Braley-Mullen, H. (2008). B Cell Depletion Inhibits Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis in NOD.H-2h4 Mice. J. Immunol. 180: 7706-7713 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tamimoto, Y., Horiuchi, T., Tsukamoto, H., Otsuka, J., Mitoma, H., Kimoto, Y., Nakashima, H., Muta, K., Abe, Y., Kiyohara, C., Ueda, A., Nagasawa, K., Yoshizawa, S., Shimoda, T., Harada, M. (2008). A dose-escalation study of rituximab for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and Evans' syndrome: immunological analysis of B cells, T cells and cytokines. Rheumatology (Oxford) 47: 821-827 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Saadoun, D., Rosenzwajg, M., Landau, D., Piette, J. C., Klatzmann, D., Cacoub, P. (2008). Restoration of peripheral immune homeostasis after rituximab in mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. Blood 111: 5334-5341 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mihaylova, N., Voynova, E., Tchorbanov, A., Nikolova, M., Michova, A., Todorov, T., Srebreva, L., Taskov, H., Vassilev, T. (2008). Selective silencing of disease-associated B-lymphocytes by chimeric molecules targeting their Fc{gamma}IIb receptor. Int Immunol 20: 165-175 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ahuja, A., Shupe, J., Dunn, R., Kashgarian, M., Kehry, M. R., Shlomchik, M. J. (2007). Depletion of B Cells in Murine Lupus: Efficacy and Resistance. J. Immunol. 179: 3351-3361 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Forster, N., Gallinat, S., Jablonska, J., Weiss, S., Elsasser, H.-P., Lutz, W. (2007). p300 Protein Acetyltransferase Activity Suppresses Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Like Autoimmune Disease in Mice. J. Immunol. 178: 6941-6948 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jiang, C., Foley, J., Clayton, N., Kissling, G., Jokinen, M., Herbert, R., Diaz, M. (2007). Abrogation of Lupus Nephritis in Activation-Induced Deaminase-Deficient MRL/lpr Mice. J. Immunol. 178: 7422-7431 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kumazaki, K., Tirosh, B., Maehr, R., Boes, M., Honjo, T., Ploegh, H. L. (2007). AID-/-{micro}s-/- Mice Are Agammaglobulinemic and Fail to Maintain B220-CD138+ Plasma Cells. J. Immunol. 178: 2192-2203 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Callaghan, C. J., Rouhani, F. J., Negus, M. C., Curry, A. J., Bolton, E. M., Bradley, J. A., Pettigrew, G. J. (2007). Abrogation of Antibody-Mediated Allograft Rejection by Regulatory CD4 T Cells with Indirect Allospecificity. J. Immunol. 178: 2221-2228 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wong, C. F. (2007). Rituximab in refractory antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: what is the current evidence?. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22: 32-36 [Full Text]  
• Bagavant, H., Deshmukh, U. S., Wang, H., Ly, T., Fu, S. M. (2006). Role for Nephritogenic T Cells in Lupus Glomerulonephritis: Progression to Renal Failure Is Accompanied by T Cell Activation and Expansion in Regional Lymph Nodes. J. Immunol. 177: 8258-8265 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sekine, H., Graham, K. L., Zhao, S., Elliott, M. K., Ruiz, P., Utz, P. J., Gilkeson, G. S. (2006). Role of MHC-Linked Genes in Autoantigen Selection and Renal Disease in a Murine Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J. Immunol. 177: 7423-7434 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yan, J., Harvey, B. P., Gee, R. J., Shlomchik, M. J., Mamula, M. J. (2006). B Cells Drive Early T Cell Autoimmunity In Vivo prior to Dendritic Cell-Mediated Autoantigen Presentation. J. Immunol. 177: 4481-4487 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jacob, C. O., Pricop, L., Putterman, C., Koss, M. N., Liu, Y., Kollaros, M., Bixler, S. A., Ambrose, C. M., Scott, M. L., Stohl, W. (2006). Paucity of Clinical Disease despite Serological Autoimmunity and Kidney Pathology in Lupus-Prone New Zealand Mixed 2328 Mice Deficient in BAFF. J. Immunol. 177: 2671-2680 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Doyle, C. M., Han, J., Weigert, M. G., Prak, E. T. L. (2006). Consequences of receptor editing at the {lambda} locus: Multireactivity and light chain secretion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 11264-11269 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Flossmann, O, Jones, R B, Jayne, D R W, Luqmani, R A (2006). Should rituximab be used to treat antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis?. Ann Rheum Dis 65: 841-844 [Full Text]  
• Fields, M. L., Metzgar, M. H., Hondowicz, B. D., Kang, S.-A., Alexander, S. T., Hazard, K. D., Hsu, A. C., Du, Y.-Z., Prak, E. L., Monestier, M., Erikson, J. (2006). Exogenous and Endogenous TLR Ligands Activate Anti-Chromatin and Polyreactive B Cells.. J. Immunol. 176: 6491-6502 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• El Fassi, D., Nielsen, C. H, Hasselbalch, H. C, Hegedus, L. (2006). The rationale for B lymphocyte depletion in Graves' disease. Monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody therapy as a novel treatment option.. Eur J Endocrinol 154: 623-632 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Strutt, T. M, Uzonna, J., McKinstry, K. K, Bretscher, P. A (2006). Activation of thymic T cells by MHC alloantigen requires syngeneic, activated CD4+ T cells and B cells as APC. Int Immunol 18: 719-728 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tipping, P. G., Holdsworth, S. R. (2006). T Cells in Crescentic Glomerulonephritis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17: 1253-1263 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhang, C., Todorov, I., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y., Kandeel, F., Forman, S., Strober, S., Zeng, D. (2006). Donor CD4+ T and B cells in transplants induce chronic graft-versus-host disease with autoimmune manifestations. Blood 107: 2993-3001 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Navarra, S. V. (2006). Immune therapy of lupus: what is on the horizon?. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21: 579-581 [Full Text]  
• Kimura, K., Moriwaki, H., Nagaki, M., Saio, M., Nakamoto, Y., Naito, M., Kuwata, K., Chisari, F. V. (2006). Pathogenic Role of B Cells in Anti-CD40-Induced Necroinflammatory Liver Disease. Am. J. Pathol. 168: 786-795 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Carter, R. H. (2006). B Cells in Health and Disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 81: 377-384 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yu, S., Maiti, P. K., Dyson, M., Jain, R., Braley-Mullen, H. (2006). B cell-deficient NOD.H-2h4 mice have CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells that inhibit the development of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis. JEM 203: 349-358 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bonardelle, D., Benihoud, K., Kiger, N., Bobe, P. (2005). B lymphocytes mediate Fas-dependent cytotoxicity in MRL/lpr mice. J. Leukoc. Biol. 78: 1052-1059 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Clark, E A, Ledbetter, J A (2005). How does B cell depletion therapy work, and how can it be improved?. Ann Rheum Dis 64: iv77-iv80 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Christensen, S. R., Kashgarian, M., Alexopoulou, L., Flavell, R. A., Akira, S., Shlomchik, M. J. (2005). Toll-like receptor 9 controls anti-DNA autoantibody production in murine lupus. JEM 202: 321-331 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Baiu, D. C., Barger, B., Sandor, M., Fabry, Z., Hart, M. N. (2005). Autoantibodies to Vascular Smooth Muscle Are Pathogenic for Vasculitis. Am. J. Pathol. 166: 1851-1860 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• O'Neill, S. K., Shlomchik, M. J., Glant, T. T., Cao, Y., Doodes, P. D., Finnegan, A. (2005). Antigen-Specific B Cells Are Required as APCs and Autoantibody-Producing Cells for Induction of Severe Autoimmune Arthritis. J. Immunol. 174: 3781-3788 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chambers, S A, Isenberg, D (2005). Anti-B cell therapy (Rituximab) in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Lupus 14: 210-214 [Abstract]  
• Allison, A C (2005). Mechanisms of action of mycophenolate mofetil. Lupus 14: s2-s8 [Abstract]  
• Acevedo-Suarez, C. A., Hulbert, C., Woodward, E. J., Thomas, J. W. (2005). Uncoupling of Anergy from Developmental Arrest in Anti-Insulin B Cells Supports the Development of Autoimmune Diabetes. J. Immunol. 174: 827-833 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Allison, A. (2005). Mechanisms of action of mycophenolate mofetil. Lupus 14: s2-s8 [Abstract]  
• Wong, F. S., Wen, L., Tang, M., Ramanathan, M., Visintin, I., Daugherty, J., Hannum, L. G., Janeway, C. A. Jr, Shlomchik, M. J. (2004). Investigation of the Role of B-Cells in Type 1 Diabetes in the NOD Mouse. Diabetes 53: 2581-2587 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Asano, N., Fujimoto, M., Yazawa, N., Shirasawa, S., Hasegawa, M., Okochi, H., Tamaki, K., Tedder, T. F., Sato, S. (2004). B Lymphocyte Signaling Established by the CD19/CD22 Loop Regulates Autoimmunity in the Tight-Skin Mouse. Am. J. Pathol. 165: 641-650 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hoyer, B. F., Moser, K., Hauser, A. E., Peddinghaus, A., Voigt, C., Eilat, D., Radbruch, A., Hiepe, F., Manz, R. A. (2004). Short-lived Plasmablasts and Long-lived Plasma Cells Contribute to Chronic Humoral Autoimmunity in NZB/W Mice. JEM 199: 1577-1584 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Looney, R J, Anolik, J, Sanz, I (2004). B lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus: lessons from therapy targeting B cells. Lupus 13: 381-390 [Abstract]  
• Robey, I. F., Peterson, M., Horwitz, M. S., Kono, D. H., Stratmann, T., Theofilopoulos, A. N., Sarvetnick, N., Teyton, L., Feeney, A. J. (2004). Terminal Deoxynucleotidyltransferase Deficiency Decreases Autoimmune Disease in Diabetes-Prone Nonobese Diabetic Mice and Lupus-Prone MRL-Faslpr Mice. J. Immunol. 172: 4624-4629 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sekine, H., Watanabe, H., Gilkeson, G. S. (2004). Enrichment of Anti-Glomerular Antigen Antibody-Producing Cells in the Kidneys of MRL/MpJ-Faslpr Mice. J. Immunol. 172: 3913-3921 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kong, P. L., Morel, L., Croker, B. P., Craft, J. (2004). The Centromeric Region of Chromosome 7 from MRL Mice (Lmb3) Is an Epistatic Modifier of Fas for Autoimmune Disease Expression. J. Immunol. 172: 2785-2794 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Waters, S. T., McDuffie, M., Bagavant, H., Deshmukh, U. S., Gaskin, F., Jiang, C., Tung, K. S.K., Fu, S. M. (2004). Breaking Tolerance to Double Stranded DNA, Nucleosome, and Other Nuclear Antigens Is Not Required for the Pathogenesis of Lupus Glomerulonephritis. JEM 199: 255-264 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Xiao, S., Sung, S.-s. J., Fu, S. M., Ju, S.-T. (2003). Combining Fas Mutation with Interleukin-2 Deficiency Prevents Colitis and Lupus: IMPLICATING INTERLEUKIN-2 FOR AUTO-REACTIVE T CELL EXPANSION AND Fas LIGAND FOR COLON EPITHELIAL CELL DEATH. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 52730-52738 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rossbacher, J., Shlomchik, M. J. (2003). The B Cell Receptor Itself Can Activate Complement to Provide the Complement Receptor 1/2 Ligand Required to Enhance B Cell Immune Responses In Vivo. JEM 198: 591-602 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jacob, C. O., Zang, S., Li, L., Ciobanu, V., Quismorio, F., Mizutani, A., Satoh, M., Koss, M. (2003). Pivotal Role of Stat4 and Stat6 in the Pathogenesis of the Lupus-Like Disease in the New Zealand Mixed 2328 Mice. J. Immunol. 171: 1564-1571 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schiffer, L., Sinha, J., Wang, X., Huang, W., von Gonsdorff, G., Schiffer, M., Madaio, M. P., Davidson, A. (2003). Short Term Administration of Costimulatory Blockade and Cyclophosphamide Induces Remission of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Nephritis in NZB/W F1 Mice by a Mechanism Downstream of Renal Immune Complex Deposition. J. Immunol. 171: 489-497 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Looney, R J (2002). Treating human autoimmune disease by depleting B cells. Ann Rheum Dis 61: 863-866 [Full Text]  
• Fan, G.-C., Singh, R. R. (2002). Vaccination with Minigenes Encoding VH-derived Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I-binding Epitopes Activates Cytotoxic T Cells that Ablate Autoantibody-producing B Cells and Inhibit Lupus. JEM 196: 731-741 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sobel, E. S., Satoh, M., Chen, Y., Wakeland, E. K., Morel, L. (2002). The Major Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Susceptibility Locus Sle1 Results in Abnormal Functions of Both B and T Cells. J. Immunol. 169: 2694-2700 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yin, Z., Bahtiyar, G., Zhang, N., Liu, L., Zhu, P., Robert, M. E., McNiff, J., Madaio, M. P., Craft, J. (2002). IL-10 Regulates Murine Lupus. J. Immunol. 169: 2148-2155 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nielsen, C. H., Leslie, R. G. Q. (2002). Complement's participation in acquired immunity. J. Leukoc. Biol. 72: 249-261 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yan, J., Mamula, M. J. (2002). B and T cell tolerance and autoimmunity in autoantibody transgenic mice. Int Immunol 14: 963-971 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yan, J., Mamula, M. J. (2002). Autoreactive T Cells Revealed in the Normal Repertoire: Escape from Negative Selection and Peripheral Tolerance. J. Immunol. 168: 3188-3194 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Youinou, P, Lydyard, P M, Mageed, R A (2002). B cells underpin lupus immunopathology. Lupus 11: 1-3  
• Chiu, P. P. L., Jevnikar, A. M., Danska, J. S. (2001). Genetic Control of T and B Lymphocyte Activation in Nonobese Diabetic Mice. J. Immunol. 167: 7169-7179 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wellmann, U., Letz, M., Schneider, A., Amann, K., Winkler, T. H. (2001). An Ig {micro}-heavy chain transgene inhibits systemic lupus erythematosus immunopathology in autoimmune (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. Int Immunol 13: 1461-1469 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rivera, A., Chen, C.-C., Ron, N., Dougherty, J. P., Ron, Y. (2001). Role of B cells as antigen-presenting cells in vivo revisited: antigen-specific B cells are essential for T cell expansion in lymph nodes and for systemic T cell responses to low antigen concentrations. Int Immunol 13: 1583-1593 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Matthews, A. E., Weiss, S. R., Shlomchik, M. J., Hannum, L. G., Gombold, J. L., Paterson, Y. (2001). Antibody Is Required for Clearance of Infectious Murine Hepatitis Virus A59 from the Central Nervous System, But Not the Liver. J. Immunol. 167: 5254-5263 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Takemura, S., Klimiuk, P. A., Braun, A., Goronzy, J. J., Weyand, C. M. (2001). T Cell Activation in Rheumatoid Synovium Is B Cell Dependent. J. Immunol. 167: 4710-4718 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chan, O. T. M., Paliwal, V., McNiff, J. M., Park, S.-H., Bendelac, A., Shlomchik, M. J. (2001). Deficiency in {beta}2-Microglobulin, But Not CD1, Accelerates Spontaneous Lupus Skin Disease While Inhibiting Nephritis in MRL-Faslpr Mice: An Example of Disease Regulation at the Organ Level. J. Immunol. 167: 2985-2990 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Arce, E., Jackson, D. G., Gill, M. A., Bennett, L. B., Banchereau, J., Pascual, V. (2001). Increased Frequency of Pre-germinal Center B Cells and Plasma Cell Precursors in the Blood of Children with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J. Immunol. 167: 2361-2369 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fields, M. L., Sokol, C. L., Eaton-Bassiri, A., Seo, S.-j., Madaio, M. P., Erikson, J. (2001). Fas/Fas Ligand Deficiency Results in Altered Localization of Anti-Double-Stranded DNA B Cells and Dendritic Cells. J. Immunol. 167: 2370-2378 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shlomchik, M. J., Radebold, K., Duclos, N., Manuelidis, L. (2001). Neuroinvasion by a Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent in the absence of B cells and follicular dendritic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 10.1073/pnas.161055198v1 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Neumann, D., Del Giudice, E., Ciaramella, A., Boraschi, D., Bossu, P. (2001). Lymphocytes from Autoimmune MRL lpr/lpr Mice Are Hyperresponsive to IL-18 and Overexpress the IL-18 Receptor Accessory Chain. J. Immunol. 166: 3757-3762 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Qian, Y., Santiago, C., Borrero, M., Tedder, T. F., Clarke, S. H. (2001). Lupus-Specific Antiribonucleoprotein B Cell Tolerance in Nonautoimmune Mice Is Maintained by Differentiation to B-1 and Governed by B Cell Receptor Signaling Thresholds. J. Immunol. 166: 2412-2419 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Braley-Mullen, H., Yu, S. (2000). Early Requirement for B Cells for Development of Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis in NOD.H-2h4 Mice. J. Immunol. 165: 7262-7269 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hannum, L. G., Haberman, A. M., Anderson, S. M., Shlomchik, M. J. (2000). Germinal Center Initiation, Variable Gene Region Hypermutation, and Mutant B Cell Selection without Detectable Immune Complexes on Follicular Dendritic Cells. JEM 192: 931-942 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kima, P. E., Constant, S. L., Hannum, L., Colmenares, M., Lee, K. S., Haberman, A. M., Shlomchik, M. J., McMahon-Pratt, D. (2000). Internalization of Leishmania mexicana Complex Amastigotes via the Fc Receptor Is Required to Sustain Infection in Murine Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. JEM 191: 1063-1068 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chan, O. T. M., Shlomchik, M. J. (2000). Cutting Edge: B Cells Promote CD8+ T Cell Activation in MRL-Faslpr Mice Independently of MHC Class I Antigen Presentation. J. Immunol. 164: 1658-1662 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Watanabe, H., Garnier, G., Circolo, A., Wetsel, R. A., Ruiz, P., Holers, V. M., Boackle, S. A., Colten, H. R., Gilkeson, G. S. (2000). Modulation of Renal Disease in MRL/lpr Mice Genetically Deficient in the Alternative Complement Pathway Factor B. J. Immunol. 164: 786-794 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stoll, M. L., Gavalchin, J. (2000). Systemic lupus erythematosus--messages from experimental models. Rheumatology (Oxford) 39: 18-27 [Full Text]  
• Mackay, F., Woodcock, S. A., Lawton, P., Ambrose, C., Baetscher, M., Schneider, P., Tschopp, J., Browning, J. L. (1999). Mice Transgenic for BAFF Develop Lymphocytic Disorders Along with Autoimmune Manifestations. JEM 190: 1697-1710 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Golovkina, T. V., Shlomchik, M., Hannum, L., Chervonsky, A. (1999). Organogenic Role of B Lymphocytes in Mucosal Immunity. Science 286: 1965-1968 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chan, O. T. M., Madaio, M. P., Shlomchik, M. J. (1999). B Cells Are Required for Lupus Nephritis in the Polygenic, Fas-Intact MRL Model of Systemic Autoimmunity. J. Immunol. 163: 3592-3596 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, H., Shlomchik, M. J. (1999). Autoantigen-specific B Cell Activation in Fas-deficient Rheumatoid Factor Immunoglobulin Transgenic Mice. JEM 190: 639-650 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shlomchik, M. J., Radebold, K., Duclos, N., Manuelidis, L. (2001). Neuroinvasion by a Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent in the absence of B cells and follicular dendritic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 9289-9294 [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search

TABLE OF CONTENTS