The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007/1998/11/1587/ $5.00
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 188, Number 9, November 2, 1998 1587-1592

Articles

Immunoglobulin E–dependent Active Fatal Anaphylaxis in Mast Cell–deficient Mice

Il Hwan Choi*, Young Min Shin*, Jae Seung Park*, Moo Sam Lee{ddagger}, Eue Hyeog Han{ddagger}, Ok Hee Chai{ddagger}, Shun Young Im§, Tai You Ha*, and Hern-Ku Lee*

From the * Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, and the {ddagger} Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, Chonbuk, 561-182, Republic of Korea; and the § Department of Microbiology and Hormone Research Center, College of Natural Science, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Chonnam, 500-757, Republic of Korea

Mast cells have long been believed to be the central effector cells in the development of immunoglobulin (Ig)E-dependent anaphylaxis. In this study, we investigated the role of mast cells in IgE-dependent hapten-induced active fatal anaphylaxis using mast cell–deficient WBB6F1- W/Wv (W/Wv) and congenic normal (+/+) mice. Although a 5-min delay in shock signs and death were observed in W/Wv mice, 100% fatal reactions to penicillin V (Pen V) occurred in both +/+ and W/Wv mice. Administration of monoclonal anti–IL-4 antibody completely prevented the fatal reactions, and the effect of anti–IL-4 was associated with its suppressive activity on Pen V–specific serum levels of IgE, but not IgG. The platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist, BN 50739, completely prevented the fatal reactions in both strains of mice. Our kinetic study revealed, in contrast to no elevation of plasma histamine level in W/Wv mice, high levels of PAF in the circulation after challenge in both +/+ and W/Wv mice, albeit to a lesser degree in the latter case. These data indicate that cells other than mast cells are sufficient to induce an IgE-dependent active fatal anaphylaxis by elaborating PAF, which is the critical mediator for fatal murine anaphylaxis.

Key Words: mast cells • W/Wv mice • immunoglobulin E • platelet-activating factor • penicillin V

Address correspondence to Hern-Ku Lee, Department of Immunology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, Chonbuk, 561-182, Republic of Korea. Phone: 82-652-70-3069; Fax: 82-652-251-4215; E-mail: leeh-k{at}moak.chonbuk.ac.kr

Abbreviations used: CGG, chicken gammaglobulin; NP, nitrophenol; PAF, platelet-activating factor; PCA, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis; Pen V, penicillin V.


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