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J. Exp. Med.,
Volume 188, Number 1, July 1, 1998 193-198
By


From the * Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; Chemokines play a central role in immune and inflammatory responses. It has been observed
recently that certain viruses have evolved molecular piracy and mimicry mechanisms by encoding and synthesizing proteins that interfere with the normal host defense response. One such
viral protein, vMIP-II, encoded by human herpesvirus 8, has been identified with in vitro antagonistic activities against CC and CXC chemokine receptors. We report here that vMIP-II
has additional antagonistic activity against CX3CR1, the receptor for fractalkine. To investigate
the potential therapeutic effect of this broad-spectrum chemokine antagonist, we studied the antiinflammatory activity of vMIP-II in a rat model of experimental glomerulonephritis induced by
an antiglomerular basement membrane antibody. vMIP-II potently inhibited monocyte
chemoattractant protein 1-, macrophage inflammatory protein 1
Neurocrine Biosciences, San Diego, California 92121; § Gryphon Sciences, South San Francisco,
California 94908; the
Department of Pathology, Instutute of Nephrology, Niigata University School
of Medicine, Niigata 951, Japan; and the ¶ Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
-, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted)-, and fractalkine-induced chemotaxis of activated
leukocytes isolated from nephritic glomeruli, significantly reduced leukocyte infiltration to the
glomeruli, and markedly attenuated proteinuria. These results suggest that molecules encoded by
some viruses may serve as useful templates for the development of antiinflammatory compounds.
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