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J. Exp. Med., Volume 187, Number 8, April 20, 1998 1193-1204

T Helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 Characteristics Start to Develop During T Cell Priming and Are Associated with an Immediate Ability to Induce Immunoglobulin Class Switching

By Kai-Michael Toellner,* Sanjiv A. Luther,Dagger § Daniel M.-Y. Sze,* Richard K.-W. Choy,* Dale R. Taylor,* Ian C.M. MacLennan,* and Hans Acha-OrbeaDagger §

From the * Department of Immunology, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom; the Dagger  Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch; and the § Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland

The respective production of specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a or IgG1 within 5 d of primary immunization with Swiss type mouse mammary tumor virus [MMTV(SW)] or haptenated protein provides a model for the development of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 responses. The antibody-producing cells arise from cognate T cell B cell interaction, revealed by the respective induction of Cgamma 2a and Cgamma 1 switch transcript production, on the third day after immunization. T cell proliferation and upregulation of mRNA for interferon gamma in response to MMTV(SW) and interleukin 4 in response to haptenated protein also starts during this day. It follows that there is minimal delay in these responses between T cell priming and the onset of cognate interaction between T and B cells leading to class switching and exponential growth. The Th1 or Th2 profile is at least partially established at the time of the first cognate T cell interaction with B cells in the T zone.

The addition of killed Bordetella pertussis to the hapten-protein induces nonhapten-specific IgG2a and IgG1 plasma cells, whereas the anti-hapten response continues to be IgG1 dominated. This indicates that a Th2 response to hapten-protein can proceed in a node where there is substantial Th1 activity.


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