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Joanna J. Wykrzykowska^*, Michael Rosenzweig^*, Ronald S. Veazey^*, Meredith A. Simon^*, Katherine Halvorsen, Ronald C. Desrosiers^*, R. Paul Johnson^*, and Andrew A. Lackner^*

From the ^* New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772; and the Department of Mathematics, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063

The thymus plays a critical role in the maturation and production of T lymphocytes and is a target of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Using the SIV/macaque model of AIDS, we examined the early effects of SIV on the thymus. We found that thymic infection by SIV resulted in increased apoptosis 7–14 d after infection, followed by depletion of thymocyte progenitors by day 21. A marked rebound in thymocyte progenitors occurred by day 50 and was accompanied by increased levels of cell proliferation in the thymus. Our results demonstrate a marked increase in thymic progenitor activity very early in the course of SIV infection, long before marked declines in peripheral CD4⁺ T cell counts.

Key Words: AIDS • T cell homeostasis • apoptosis • animal model • pathogenesis

Abbreviations used: dpi, days after infection; SIV, simian immunodeficiency virus.

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