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Ontogeny of the Immune System: / and /β T Cells Migrate from Thymus to the Periphery in Alternating Waves

D. Dunon^*, D. Courtois^*, O. Vainio, A. Six, C.H. Chen, M.D. Cooper, J.P. Dangy^||, and B.A. Imhof^||

From the ^* Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unitè de Recherche Associée 1135, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland; Division of Developmental and Clinical Immunology, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Microbiology, University of Alabama, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; ^|| Basel Institute for Immunology, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland

The embryonic thymus is colonized by the influx of hemopoietic progenitors in waves. To characterize the T cell progeny of the initial colonization waves, we used intravenous adoptive transfer of bone marrow progenitors into congenic embryos. The experiments were performed in birds because intravenous cell infusions can be performed more efficiently in avian than in mammalian embryos. Progenitor cells, which entered the vascularized thymus via interlobular venules in the capsular region and capillaries located at the corticomedullary junction, homed to the outer cortex to begin thymocyte differentiation. The kinetics of differentiation and emigration of the T cell progeny were analyzed for the first three waves of progenitors. Each progenitor wave gave rise to / T cells 3 d earlier than /β T cells. Although the flow of T cell migration from the thymus was uninterrupted, distinct colonization and differentiation kinetics defined three successive waves of / and /β T cells that depart sequentially the thymus en route to the periphery. Each wave of precursors rearranged all three TCR V gene families, but displayed a variable repertoire. The data indicate a complex pattern of repertoire diversification by the progeny of founder thymocyte progenitors.

Abbreviations used: E, day of embryonic life.

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