The Journal of Experimental Medicine
for flow cytometry > invitrogen
  Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search | Table of Contents
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF, 334K)
Right arrow PPT slides of all figures
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new content in the JEM
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Naumann, M.
Right arrow Articles by Meyer, T. F.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Naumann, M.
Right arrow Articles by Meyer, T. F.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Facebook   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?
© The Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007/1997/7/247/ $5.00
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 186, Number 2, July 21, 1997 247-258

Article

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Epithelial Cell Interaction Leads to the Activation of the Transcription Factors Nuclear Factor {kappa}B and Activator Protein 1 and the Induction of Inflammatory Cytokines

Michael Naumann*, Silja Weßler*, Cornelia Bartsch*, Björn Wieland*, and Thomas F. Meyer*,{ddagger}

From the * Max-Planck-Institut für Infektionsbiologie, Abteilung Molekulare Biologie, 10117 Berlin; and {ddagger} Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie, Abteilung Infektionsbiologie, 72076 Tübingen, Germany

We have studied the effect of human bacterial pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ngo) on the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-{kappa}B and the transcriptional activation of inflammatory cytokine genes upon infection of epithelial cells. During the course of infection, Ngo, the etiologic agent of gonorrhea, adheres to and penetrates mucosal epithelial cells. In vivo, localized gonococcal infections are often associated with a massive inflammatory response. We observed upregulation of several inflammatory cytokine messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and the release of the proteins in Ngo-infected epithelial cells. Moreover, infection with Ngo induced the formation of a NF-{kappa}B DNA–protein complex and, with a delay in time, the activation of activator protein 1, whereas basic leucine zipper transcription factors binding to the cAMP-responsive element or CAAT/enhancer-binding protein DNA-binding sites were not activated. In supershift assays using NF-{kappa}B–specific antibodies, we identified a NF-{kappa}B p50/p65 heterodimer. The NF-{kappa}B complex was formed within 10 min after infection and decreased 90 min after infection. Synthesis of tumor necrosis factor {alpha} and interluekin (IL)-1β occurred at later times and therefore did not account for NF-{kappa}B activation. An analysis of transiently transfected IL-6 promoter deletion constructs suggests that NF-{kappa}B plays a crucial role for the transcriptional activation of the IL-6 promoter upon Ngo infection. Inactivation of NF-{kappa}B conferred by the protease inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone inhibited mRNA upregulation of most, but not all, studied cyctokine genes. Activation of NF-{kappa}B and cytokine mRNA upregulation also occur in Ngo-infected epithelial cells that were treated with cytochalasin D, indicating an extracellular signaling induced before invasion.

Address correspondence to Dr. Michael Naumann, Max-Planck-Institut f ür Infektionsbiologie, Abt. Molekulare Biologie, Monbijoustr. 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Phone: 49-30-28026317; FAX: 49-30-28026611; E-mail: naumann{at}mpiib-berlin.mpg.de

1Abbreviations used in this paper: AP-1, activator protein 1; C/EBP, CAAT/ enhancer-binding protein; CRE, cAMP-responsive element; EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay; hGH, human growth hormone; I-309, intercrine 309; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MOI, multiplicity of infection; mRNA, messenger RNA; NF, nuclear factor; Ngo, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR; TPCK, N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine-chloromethyl ketone.


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Facebook Facebook   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:



  Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search
TABLE OF CONTENTS