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From the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
Natural killer (NK) cells in mice and humans express a number of structurally diverse receptors
that inhibit target cell lysis upon recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules expressed on targets. The contribution of peptide to the structural features of class I
required for NK cell inhibition appears to vary depending on the type of receptor engaged.
Thus, while there is no peptide specificity in NK inhibition mediated by Ly-49A in the mouse,
human histocompatibility antigen (HLA)-B*2705-specific NK clones displayed selectivity for
peptides. In this report, we examine the role of peptide in the recognition of HLA-C by the
defined killer cell inhibitory receptor (KIR) cl42 with established specificity for HLA-Cw4.
Binding of soluble KIR cl42 molecules to HLA-Cw4 expressed on transporter associated with
antigen presentation (TAP)-deficient RMA-S cells occurred only upon exogenous peptide loading. Moreover, there was peptide selectivity in that certain substitutions at positions 7 and
8 of the nonamer peptide QYDDAVYKL abolished Cw4 interaction with KIR cl42 despite
similar surface expression of HLA-C. The specificity of this direct interaction between peptideloaded HLA-Cw4 on RMA-S cells and soluble KIR cl42 correlated with recognition by NK
clones in that they were inhibited only by HLA-Cw4 loaded with the appropriate peptides.
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