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Géraldine Grouard^*, Marie-Clotilde Rissoan^*, Luis Filgueira, Isabelle Durand^*, Jacques Banchereau^*, and Yong-Jun Liu^*

From ^* Schering-Plough, Laboratory for Immunological Research, 69571 Dardilly, France; and Institute of Anatomy, Division of Cell Biology, University Irchel-Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland

A subset of CD4⁺CD11c^–CD3^– blood cells was recently shown to develop into dendritic cells when cultured with monocyte conditioned medium. Here, we demonstrate that CD4⁺ CD11c^–CD3^– cells, isolated from tonsils, correspond to the so-called plasmacytoid T cells, an obscure cell type that has long been observed by pathologists within secondary lymphoid tissues. They express CD45RA, but not markers specific for known lymphoid- or myeloid-derived cell types. They undergo rapid apoptosis in culture, unless rescued by IL-3. Further addition of CD40-ligand results in their differentiation into dendritic cells that express low levels of myeloid antigens CD13 and CD33.

G. Grouard was supported by the Foundation Marcel Merieux, Lyon, France.

¹Abbreviations used in this paper: DC, dendritic cell; GCDC, dendritic cells within germinal centers; HEV, high endothelial veinules; RER, rough endoplasmic reticulum; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TEM, transmission electron microscopy.

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• Ratzinger, G., Baggers, J., de Cos, M. A., Yuan, J., Dao, T., Reagan, J. L., Munz, C., Heller, G., Young, J. W. (2004). Mature Human Langerhans Cells Derived from CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitors Stimulate Greater Cytolytic T Lymphocyte Activity in the Absence of Bioactive IL-12p70, by Either Single Peptide Presentation or Cross-Priming, Than Do Dermal-Interstitial or Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. J. Immunol. 173: 2780-2791 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dai, J., Megjugorac, N. J., Amrute, S. B., Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, P. (2004). Regulation of IFN Regulatory Factor-7 and IFN-{alpha} Production by Enveloped Virus and Lipopolysaccharide in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. J. Immunol. 173: 1535-1548 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Teleshova, N., Kenney, J., Jones, J., Marshall, J., Van Nest, G., Dufour, J., Bohm, R., Lifson, J. D., Gettie, A., Pope, M. (2004). CpG-C Immunostimulatory Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Activation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Rhesus Macaques to Augment the Activation of IFN-{gamma}-Secreting Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific T Cells. J. Immunol. 173: 1647-1657 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Urosevic, M., Oberholzer, P. A., Maier, T., Hafner, J., Laine, E., Slade, H., Benninghoff, B., Burg, G., Dummer, R. (2004). Imiquimod Treatment Induces Expression of Opioid Growth Factor Receptor: A Novel Tumor Antigen Induced by Interferon-{alpha}?. Clin. Cancer Res. 10: 4959-4970 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vigouroux, S., Yvon, E., Biagi, E., Brenner, M. K. (2004). Antigen-induced regulatory T cells. Blood 104: 26-33 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hubert, F.-X., Voisine, C., Louvet, C., Heslan, M., Josien, R. (2004). Rat Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Are an Abundant Subset of MHC Class II+ CD4+CD11b-OX62- and Type I IFN-Producing Cells That Exhibit Selective Expression of Toll-Like Receptors 7 and 9 and Strong Responsiveness to CpG. J. Immunol. 172: 7485-7494 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mazzoni, A., Segal, D. M. (2004). Controlling the Toll road to dendritic cell polarization. J. Leukoc. Biol. 75: 721-730 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ota, M, Amakawa, R, Uehira, K, Ito, T, Yagi, Y, Oshiro, A, Date, Y, Oyaizu, H, Shigeki, T, Ozaki, Y, Yamaguchi, K, Uemura, Y, Yonezu, S, Fukuhara, S (2004). Involvement of dendritic cells in sarcoidosis. Thorax 59: 408-413 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ito, T., Amakawa, R., Inaba, M., Hori, T., Ota, M., Nakamura, K., Takebayashi, M., Miyaji, M., Yoshimura, T., Inaba, K., Fukuhara, S. (2004). Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Regulate Th Cell Responses through OX40 Ligand and Type I IFNs. J. Immunol. 172: 4253-4259 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Anasetti, C. (2004). Thrombopoietin and the mysteries of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Blood 103: 2433-2433 [Full Text]  
• Van Krinks, C. H., Matyszak, M. K., Hill Gaston, J. S. (2004). Characterization of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in inflammatory arthritis synovial fluid. Rheumatology (Oxford) 43: 453-460 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Megjugorac, N. J., Young, H. A., Amrute, S. B., Olshalsky, S. L., Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, P. (2004). Virally stimulated plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce chemokines and induce migration of T and NK cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 75: 504-514 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Salio, M., Palmowski, M. J., Atzberger, A., Hermans, I. F., Cerundolo, V. (2004). CpG-matured Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Are Capable of In Vivo Priming of Functional CD8 T Cell Responses to Endogenous but Not Exogenous Antigens. JEM 199: 567-579 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schnurr, M., Toy, T., Shin, A., Hartmann, G., Rothenfusser, S., Soellner, J., Davis, I. D., Cebon, J., Maraskovsky, E. (2004). Role of adenosine receptors in regulating chemotaxis and cytokine production of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Blood 103: 1391-1397 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kaser, A., Kaser, S., Kaneider, N. C., Enrich, B., Wiedermann, C. J., Tilg, H. (2004). Interleukin-18 attracts plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC2s) and promotes Th1 induction by DC2s through IL-18 receptor expression. Blood 103: 648-655 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Asselin-Paturel, C., Brizard, G., Pin, J.-J., Briere, F., Trinchieri, G. (2003). Mouse Strain Differences in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Frequency and Function Revealed by a Novel Monoclonal Antibody. J. Immunol. 171: 6466-6477 [Abstract] [Full Text]  

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