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From the Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037

Elevated levels of the p53 protein occur in 50% of human malignancies, which makes it an excellent target for a broad-spectrum T cell immunotherapy of cancer. A major barrier to the design of p53-specific immunotherapeutics and vaccines, however, is the possibility that T cells may be tolerant of antigens derived from wild-type p53 due to its low level of expression in normal thymus and lymphohemopoetic cells. The combination of p53 deficient (p53^–/–) and p53^+/+ HLA-A2.1/K^b transgenic mice was used as a model to explore the possibility that A2.1restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are functionally tolerant of self peptides derived from the wild-type p53 tumor suppressor protein. A2.1-restricted CTL specific for a naturally processed p53 self-epitope spanning residues 187-197 were completely aborted in p53^+/+ as opposed to p53^–/– transgenic mice. In contrast, CTL specific for a second self-epitope spanning residues 261-269 of the murine p53 sequence were detected in both p53^–/– and p53^+/+ A2.1/K^b transgenic mice. However, the avidity of the CTL effectors obtained from p53^+/+ mice was 10-fold lower than that obtained from p53^–/– mice, again suggesting elimination of CTL with high avidity for the A2.1-peptide complex. The circumvention of functional tolerance of high avidity CTL may therefore be a necessary prerequisite for optimizing immunotherapy against A2.1-restricted wild-type p53 epitopes in humans.

M. Theobald is a fellow of the Stipendienprogramm Infektionsbiologie provided by the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). J. Hernandez is the recipient of a fellowship funded by the Spanish Ministry for Education and Science (EX 94 05269499). J. Lustgarten is the recipient of an American Cancer Society fellowship. These studies were supported by National Institutes of Health Grants CA 57855 and CA 25803 to L.A. Sherman.

¹Abbreviations used in this paper: A2.1, HLA-A2.1; Hu, human; Mu, murine; Tg, transgenic; WT, wild-type.

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