J. Exp. Med.
© The Rockefeller University Press
0022-1007/97/02/745/10 $2.00
Volume 185, Number 4, February 17, 1997 745-754

Mapping the Active Site of CD59

By Jinghua Yu,^* Ruben Abagyan, Shanghong Dong,^* Alexander Gilbert,^* Victor Nussenzweig,^* and Stephen Tomlinson^*

From the ^* Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016 and  Department of Biochemistry, The Skirball Institute, New York 10016

CD59 is a widely distributed membrane-bound inhibitor of the cytolytic membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement. This small (77 amino acid) glycoprotein is a member of the Ly6 superfamily of proteins and is important in protecting host cells from the lytic and proinflammatory activity of the MAC. CD59 functions by binding to C8 and/or C9 in the nascent MAC and interfering with C9 membrane insertion and polymerization. We present data obtained from a combination of molecular modeling and mutagenesis techniques, which together indicate that the active site of CD59 is located in the vicinity of a hydrophobic groove on the face of the molecule opposite to a "hydrophobic strip" suggested earlier. In addition, removal of the single N-linked glycosylation site at Asn18 of CD59 resulted in an enhancement of complement inhibitory activity.

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