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From the Basel Institute for Immunology, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland

It is well established that lymphoid dendritic cells (DC) play an important role in the immune system. Beside their role as potent inducers of primary T cell responses, DC seem to play a crucial part as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II⁺ "interdigitating cells" in the thymus during thymocyte development. Thymic DC have been implicated in tolerance induction and also by some authors in inducing major histocompatibility complex restriction of thymocytes. Most of our knowledge about thymic DC was obtained using highly invasive and manipulatory experimental protocols such as thymus reaggregation cultures, suspension cultures, thymus grafting, and bone marrow reconstitution experiments. The DC used in those studies had to go through extensive isolation procedures or were cultured with recombinant growth factors. Since the functions of DC after these in vitro manipulations have been reported to be not identical to those of DC in vivo, we intended to establish a system that would allow us to investigate DC function avoiding artificial interferences due to handling. Here we present a transgenic mouse model in which we targeted gene expression specifically to DC. Using the CD11c promoter we expressed MHC class II I-E molecules specifically on DC of all tissues, but not on other cell types. We report that I-E expression on thymic DC is sufficient to negatively select I-E reactive CD4⁺ T cells, and to a less complete extent, CD8⁺ T cells. In contrast, if only DC expressed I-E in a class II–deficient background, positive selection of CD4⁺ T cells could not be observed. Thus negative, but not positive, selection events can be induced by DC in vivo.

The authors would like to thank M. Dessing for advice with FACS^® analysis, H. Stahlberger for graphic art work, U. Mueller for microinjections, B. Pfeiffer for photography and Dr. C. Ruedl for help with DC isolations. We are grateful to Drs. R. Ceredig and K. Campbell for reading the manuscript.

The Basel Institute for Immunology was founded and is supported by Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.

¹Abbreviations used in this paper: BM, bone marrow; DC, dendritic cells; FS, forward scatter; SS, side scatter.

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