Selective expansion of T cells expressing V beta 2 in toxic shock syndrome

doi:10.1084/jem.172.3.981

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Selective expansion of T cells expressing V beta 2 in toxic shock syndrome

Y Choi, JA Lafferty, JR Clements, JK Todd, EW Gelfand, J Kappler, P Marrack and BL Kotzin
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver.

Infection with Staphylococcus aureus and the production of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of toxic shock syndrome. Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that TSST-1 is a powerful but selective stimulator of human T cells, and that the majority of activated cells express the TCR V beta 2 gene segment. We therefore studied patients with toxic shock syndrome using a modification of the PCR to determine if expansion of V beta 2+ T cells is a marker of the in vivo disease process. Five of eight patients studied demonstrated markedly elevated levels of circulating V beta 2+ T cells, whereas none showed significantly elevated levels of T cells expressing other V beta gene segments. The results suggest that toxin-mediated T cell activation, which involves a large fraction of the human T cell repertoire, may be critical in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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