The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol 160, 94-107, Copyright © 1984 by Rockefeller University Press

ARTICLES

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-activated murine macrophages kill syngeneic melanoma cells under strict anaerobic conditions

VH Freedman, TE Gorrell, CF Nathan, CS Copeland and SC Silverstein

We have studied the spontaneous killing of B5(59) melanoma cells by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-elicited macrophages under strictly anaerobic conditions to investigate the role of oxygen in macrophage- mediated cytotoxicity. The number of melanoma cells capable of forming colonies after aerobic or anaerobic incubation with BCG-macrophages was used as the index of cytotoxicity. The BCG-macrophages killed melanoma cells regardless of the amount of oxygen present. The killing observed was proportional to the ratio of effector cells added; a ratio of 25:1 effector to target cells was required to achieve nearly 90% cytotoxicity both aerobically and anaerobically. This cytotoxicity was not dependent on a diffusible macrophage product nor on alteration of the medium by macrophages, since tumor cells incubated in the same culture medium, but not in contact with a mixed population of tumor cells and macrophages, were not killed. These results also indicated that macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity was dependent on macrophage-tumor cell contact. The mechanism responsible for the oxygen-independent cytotoxicity is unknown at present.
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